The Role of Gut Microbiota in Atherosclerosis and Hypertension

Ma, Junli; Li, Houkai

doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.01082

Cited by 185 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 178 publications

(194 reference statements)

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“…These findings partially support the view that BBR may at least partly improve systemic inflammation and lipid level by regulating gut bacteria related to inflammation and glucolipid metabolism, thereby reducing HFD-induced atherosclerosis. Indeed, evidence is accumulating that gut microbiota and its metabolites, such as SCFAs, TMAO, and secondary bile acids, play a role in atherosclerosis by regulating inflammation and the metabolism of lipid, cholesterol and glucose (Barrington and Lusis, 2017;Jonsson and Backhed, 2017;Kasahara et al, 2017;Ma and Li, 2018). SCFAs have anti-atherogenic effect, in addition, it can inhibit the fat synthesis in enterocytes and adipocytes, and suppress biosynthesis of cholesterol and LDL formation in the liver, besides their anti-inflammatory effects (Chistiakov et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in the past decade have shown that the gut microbiota is associated with certain human diseases, including obesity (Boulange et al, 2016), type 2 diabetes (Qin et al, 2012), hypercholesterolemia (Martinez et al, 2009) and CVDs (Tang et al, 2017), all of which are associated with atherosclerosis (Jonsson and Backhed, 2017). The role of the gut microbiota in atherosclerosis has begun to be appreciated in recent years, mainly including the regulation of inflammation and immunity, and cholesterol and lipid metabolism by gut microbiota and its metabolites (Jonsson and Backhed, 2017;Ma and Li, 2018). These findings have highlighted the great potential preventative and therapeutic benefits for atherosclerosis that might be realized by targeting the gut microbiome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Berberine on Atherosclerosis and Gut Microbiota Modulation and Their Correlation in High-Fat Diet-Fed ApoE−/− Mice

et al. 2020

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Atherosclerosis and its associated cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are serious threats to human health and have been reported to be associated with the gut microbiota. Recently, the role of berberine (BBR) in atherosclerosis and gut microbiota has begun to be appreciated. The purposes of this study were to observe the effects of high or low doses of BBR on atherosclerosis and gut microbiota modulation, and to explore their correlation in ApoE −/− mice fed a high-fat diet. A significant decrease in atherosclerotic lesions was observed after treatment with BBR, with the effect of the high dose being more obvious. Both BBR treatments significantly reduced total cholesterol, APOB100, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels but levels of high/lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein (a) were only reduced by high-dose BBR. Decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 and adiponectin levels were observed in the high-dose BBR group, but no decrease in IL-6 or increase in IL-10 was evident using the low-dose of BBR. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that BBR significantly altered the community compositional structure of gut microbiota. Specifically, BBR enriched the abundance of Roseburia, Blautia, Allobaculum, Alistipes, and Turicibacter, and changed the abundance of Bilophila. These microbiota displayed good anti-inflammatory effects related to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and were related to glucolipid metabolism. Alistipes and Roseburia were significantly enriched in high-dose BBR group while Blautia and Allobaculum were more enriched in low-dose, and Turicibacter was enriched in both BBR doses. Metagenomic analysis further showed an elevated potential for lipid and glycan metabolism and synthesis of SCFAs, as well as reduced potential of TMAO production after BBR treatment. The findings demonstrate that both high and low-dose BBR can improve serum lipid and systemic inflammation levels, and alleviate atherosclerosis induced by high-fat diet in ApoE −/− mice. The effects are more pronounced for the high dose. This anti-atherosclerotic effect of BBR may be partly attributed to changes in composition and functions of gut microbiota which may be associated with anti-inflammatory and metabolism of glucose and lipid. Notably, gut microbiota alterations showed different sensitivity to BBR dose.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Berberine on Atherosclerosis and Gut Microbiota Modulation and Their Correlation in High-Fat Diet-Fed ApoE−/− Mice

et al. 2020

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“…Diet plays a significant role in modulating microbial diversity and reports have indicated that a high-fat diet is associated with obesity, whereas a fiber-rich diet has the potential for reducing the risk of obesity [81,82]. Gut microbiota play a critical role in hemostasis for maintaining human health, with gut dysbiosis contributing to the development and progression of various diseases including CVD, obesity, T2DM, NAFLD, and even some types of cancer [83].…”

Section: Impact Of Human Gut Microbiota On Vascular Endothelimmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity-Induced Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

et al. 2020

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Obesity is characterized by the excessive deposition of fat that may interfere with the normal metabolic process of the body. It is a chronic condition associated with various metabolic syndromes, whose prevalence is grossly increasing, and affects both children and adults. Accumulation of excessive macronutrients on the adipose tissues promotes the secretion and release of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β, tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α), leptin, and stimulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which subsequently reduce the production of adiponectin thereby initiating a proinflammatory state. During obesity, adipose tissue synthesizes and releases a large number of hormones and cytokines that alter the metabolic processes, with a profound influence on endothelial dysfunction, a situation associated with the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. Endothelial cells respond to inflammation and stimulation of MCP-1, which is described as the activation of adhesion molecules leading to proliferation and transmigration of leukocytes, which facilitates their increase in atherogenic and thromboembolic potentials. Endothelial dysfunction forms the cornerstone of this discussion, as it has been considered as the initiator in the progression of cardiovascular diseases in obesity. Overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines with subsequent reduction of anti-inflammatory markers in obesity, is considered to be the link between obesity-induced inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Inhibition of inflammatory mechanisms and management and control of obesity can assist in reducing the risks associated with cardiovascular complications.

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“…This could be attributed to the taming effect of breastfeeding on the adrenocortical function, breastmilk content of endorphin and low salt content in breastmilk (17,18) . Also, there is emerging evidence of the role of microbiota in pathogenesis of hypertensive disease and atherosclerosis and that gut dysbiosis may predispose to CVD (19) . Exclusive breastfeeding has been shown to influence gut microbiota and reduce dysbiosis and thereby contribute to preventing CVD (20) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant Feeding and Cardiovascular Disease: A multi-staged analysis from global to country data

Abul-Fadl¹,

Al-Jawaldeh²

2019

int.jour.sci.res.mana.

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Background: Death from cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally and in particular in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). The relationship between early feeding practices and CVD remains to be fully established. Aim: To examine the relationship between early infant feeding practices as risk factors of death from CVD with a focus on high blood pressure (HBP) in the 22 countries of the EMR. Methods: First: global and regional data were compiled for deaths from CVD, HBP, nutritional deficiencies. Second: data from the EMR countries were compiled for adult obesity, high cholesterol (HC) and blood sugar (HBS) and pollution. Countries from the EMR were divided into high and low risk by HBP and biochemical data. Third: deaths from wasting, stunting, non-exclusive and discontinued breastfeeding and nutritional deficiencies including anemia, vitamin A deficiency, low bone mineral density and Zinc deficiency, were compared in both groups. Fourth: a small scale in-depth study (SSIDS) was conducted for 32 breastfed and 28 non-breastfed mother-child pairs under-five years of age. HBP and high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (HsCRP) were measured. Findings: Nine EMR countries were identified as high risk for CVD with HBP, obesity, HC and HBS and pollution. Deaths from nutritional deficiencies and feeding practices were higher in this group. In the SSIDS, HsCPR was significantly lower in mothers and children who were breastfed and HDL significantly higher in children introduced foods after 6 months of age. Conclusions: Optimal infant feeding practices contribute directly and indirectly to reducing deaths from CVD.

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The Role of Gut Microbiota in Atherosclerosis and Hypertension

Cited by 185 publications

References 178 publications

Effect of Berberine on Atherosclerosis and Gut Microbiota Modulation and Their Correlation in High-Fat Diet-Fed ApoE−/− Mice

Effect of Berberine on Atherosclerosis and Gut Microbiota Modulation and Their Correlation in High-Fat Diet-Fed ApoE−/− Mice

Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity-Induced Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

Infant Feeding and Cardiovascular Disease: A multi-staged analysis from global to country data

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