The Role of Haems and Related Compounds in the Nutrition and Zoosporogenesis of the Rumen Chytridiomycete Neocallimastix frontalis H8

Orpin, C. G.; Greenwood, Y

doi:10.1099/00221287-132-8-2179

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The consistent presence of zoospores in free‐ranging animals suggests that the observed lag in colonization of forage by anaerobic fungi is unlikely to be a delay associated with plant‐induced zoosporogenesis (Orpin, 1977b; Orpin & Greenwood, 1986). As zoospores locate newly ingested plant material in response to chemoattractants, such as soluble sugars, the observed lag may be associated with a delay in their detection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of initial colonization of nonconserved perennial ryegrass by anaerobic fungi in the bovine rumen

Edwards

Kingston‐Smith

Jiménez

et al. 2008

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

122

125

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Anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastigales) are active degraders of fibrous plant material in the rumen. However, only limited information is available relating to how quickly they colonize ingested feed particles. The aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of initial colonization of forage by anaerobic fungi in the rumen and the impact of different postsampling wash procedures used to remove loosely associated microorganisms. Neocallimastigales-specific molecular techniques were optimized to ensure maximal coverage before application to assess the population size (quantitative PCR) and composition (automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis) of the colonizing anaerobic fungi. Colonization of perennial ryegrass (PRG) was evident within 5 min, with no consistent effect of time or wash procedure on fungal population composition. Wash procedure had no effect on population size unlike time, which had a significant effect. Colonizing fungal population size continued to increase over the incubation period after an initial lag of c. 4 min. This dynamic differs from that reported previously for rumen bacteria, where substantial colonization of PRG occurred within 5 min. The observed delay in colonization of plant material by anaerobic fungi is suggested to be primarily mediated by the time taken for fungal zoospores to locate, attach and encyst on plant material.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of initial colonization of nonconserved perennial ryegrass by anaerobic fungi in the bovine rumen

Edwards

Kingston‐Smith

Jiménez

et al. 2008

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

122

125

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“…Ruminal zoospore differentiation and subsequent maturation are thought to occur through the induction of sporangia by haem and other related porphyrins (Fig. ), which are released from ingested plant material (Orpin & Greenwood, ).…”

Section: Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic fungi (phylumNeocallimastigomycota): advances in understanding their taxonomy, life cycle, ecology, role and biotechnological potential

Gruninger

Puniya

Callaghan

et al. 2014

FEMS Microbiol Ecol

312

256

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Anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota) inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of mammalian herbivores, where they play an important role in the degradation of plant material. The Neocallimastigomycota represent the earliest diverging lineage of the zoosporic fungi; however, understanding of the relationships of the different taxa (both genera and species) within this phylum is in need of revision. Issues exist with the current approaches used for their identification and classification, and recent evidence suggests the presence of several novel taxa (potential candidate genera) that remain to be characterised. The life cycle and role of anaerobic fungi has been well characterised in the rumen, but not elsewhere in the ruminant alimentary tract. Greater understanding of the 'resistant' phase(s) of their life cycle is needed, as is study of their role and significance in other herbivores. Biotechnological application of anaerobic fungi, and their highly active cellulolytic and hemi-cellulolytic enzymes, has been a rapidly increasing area of research and development in the last decade. The move towards understanding of anaerobic fungi using -omics based (genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic) approaches is starting to yield valuable insights into the unique cellular processes, evolutionary history, metabolic capabilities and adaptations that exist within the Neocallimastigomycota.

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“…Previous reports reveal that ingestion of food by the ruminating animals induces the anaerobic fungi to release its zoospores from the sporangia and it was also reported that within 30-60 minutes the density of zoospore peaks in the rumen 7 , 9 - 12 . According to Orpin & Greenwood (1986), haem and other related porphyrin compounds released from the ingested plant materials trigger the sporangia of anaerobic fungi which induces the process of differentiation and maturation of zoospore in the rumen 13 (Figure S2 ). The flagellated zoospores of anaerobic fungi are motile and they colonize on the plant material based on the chemotactic responses from the surrounding sugars and phenolic compounds 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Wide Analysis Reveals the Extrinsic Cellulolytic and Biohydrogen Generating Abilities of Neocallimastigomycota Fungi

Kameshwar¹,

Qin²

2018

J. Genomics

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Ruminating animals, especially cattle lack the carbohydrate active enzyme encoding genes which are required for the degradation of the glycosidic linkages of plant cell wall carbohydrates (such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and pectin). Thus, ruminating animals are completely dependent on the microorganisms (anaerobic bacteria and fungi, methanogenic archaea and protozoa) residing in their rumen (hindgut). In this study, we have retrieved and analyzed the complete genome wide annotations of the Neocallimastigomycota division fungi such as Anaeromyces robustus, Neocallismatix californiae, Orpinomyces sp, Piromyces finnis, Piromyces sp E2. We have retrieved the InterPro, CAZy, KOG, KEGG, SM Clusters and MEROPS genome level data of these anaerobic fungi from JGI-MycoCosm database. Results obtained in our study reveals that, the genomes of anaerobic fungi completely lack genes encoding for lignin degrading auxiliary activity enzymes. Contrastingly, these fungi outnumbered other fungi by having highest number of CAZyme encoding genes. The genes encoding for dockerins and carbohydrate binding modules exaggerated other CAZymes which are involved in the structure and functioning of cellulosomes. Presence of cellulosomes and higher number of carbohydrate transport and metabolism genes also endorses the plant cell wall carbohydrate degrading abilities of these fungi. We also reported the tentative total cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic and pectinolytic abilities. And we have explicitly reported the genes, enzymes and the mechanisms involved in structure and functioning of the cellulosomes and hydrogenosomes. Our present work reveals the genomic machinery underlying the extrinsic plant cell wall degrading abilities of the anaerobic fungi. Results obtained in our study can be significantly applied in improving the gut health of cattle and especially in the fields of biofuel, biorefining and bioremediation-based industries.

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The Role of Haems and Related Compounds in the Nutrition and Zoosporogenesis of the Rumen Chytridiomycete Neocallimastix frontalis H8

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Dynamics of initial colonization of nonconserved perennial ryegrass by anaerobic fungi in the bovine rumen

Dynamics of initial colonization of nonconserved perennial ryegrass by anaerobic fungi in the bovine rumen

Anaerobic fungi (phylumNeocallimastigomycota): advances in understanding their taxonomy, life cycle, ecology, role and biotechnological potential

Genome Wide Analysis Reveals the Extrinsic Cellulolytic and Biohydrogen Generating Abilities of Neocallimastigomycota Fungi

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