The Role of Haptics in Digital Archaeology and Heritage Recording Processes

A Literature Review of User Studies in Extended Reality Applications for Archaeology

“…One of the purposes in combining both types of users is to compare their reaction to a system design or an interaction technique. For instance, the user study in [39] compares the reaction of two types of users who were exposed to a real 3D printed copy of an ancient Chinese porcelain bowl and its (visual and haptic) digital representation.…”

“…It can be conducted in a free roaming (such as navigating inside the virtual city and interact with the agents via an avatar [73]), or to reach some points of interest to acquire some information by watching simulation scenes [53] or battles [32]. Another approach in interacting with a system is for the user to inspect, manipulate (move/rotate) artefacts or explore their properties (e.g., using haptic [39]). Specific to archaeological applications, some user studies require the user, by using a peculiar set of tools, to dig, annotate, measure distances, create, and delete points of archaeological ruins [3,9,69].…”

“…The interaction with the artefacts is also a very important aspect to evaluate in the user studies. For instance, there are tasks designed to study the placement of amphorae in a virtual underwater environment [41], to find and estimate the position of an object within another [31], or to recognize the handwriting on an archaeological object [39]. A completely different task was the selection of the most suitable place for a burial site which aimed at analysing crowd behaviour [18].…”

Adaptive force and velocity control based on intrinsic contact sensing during surface exploration of dynamic objects

“…Haptic exploration of the surface is a fundamental tool for humans to understand the surface properties of unknown objects with only tactile sensing Klatzky 1993, 2009), especially in reduced visibility scenarios like underwater, smoky disaster environment and inside tissues during surgery. It has many useful applications in areas like robot surgery (Amirabdollahian et al 2017), shape recovery (Rosales et al 2018), heritage recording (Jamil et al 2018), dexterous robot hand (Kappassov et al 2015). Unlike computer vision which has been progressing tremendously in recent years, haptic sensing and interaction remain as technically challenging due to the relatively limited development of Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10514-019-09896-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.…”

A Roadmap to Applied Digital Heritage

“…technologies encourage comparative research and transparency, close the loop on data lifecycles [Kansa and Kansa 2018], streamline data collection in the field [Roosevelt et al 2015], and increase multisensory engagement with the archaeological record [Jamil et al 2018]. In short, they propel innovative, digitally-driven research.…”