The Role of Health Impact Assessment for Shaping Policies and Making Cities Healthier

Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark; Khreis, Haneen; Verlinghieri, Ersilia; Mueller, Natalie; Rojas-Rueda, David

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-74983-9_29

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…We used the grid-cell level with a spatial resolution of 250 m × 250 m as our unit of analysis, and applied city-specific mortality rates, which allowed the comparison of estimated impacts within and between the cities, and contributes to the design of evidence-based policies for green interventions in urban environments. 47 Additionally, the use of two green space exposure proxies (NDVI and %GA) allowed the comparison of the distribution and impact of green spaces. Finally, several sensitivity and uncertainty analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green space and mortality in European cities: a health impact assessment study

Barboza

Cirach

Khomenko

et al. 2021

The Lancet Planetary Health

Self Cite

190

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Background Natural outdoor environments including green spaces play an important role in preserving population health and wellbeing in cities, but the number of deaths that could be prevented by increasing green space in European cities is not known. We aimed to estimate the number of natural-cause deaths among adult residents that could be prevented in cities in 31 European countries, if the WHO recommendation for universal access to green space was achieved. MethodsIn this health impact assessment study we focused on adult residents (aged ≥20 years; n=169 134 322) in 978 cities and 49 greater cities, in 31 European countries. We used two green space proxies: normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), and percentage of green area (%GA). The exposure was estimated at a fine grid-cell level (250 m × 250 m) and the preventable mortality burden for 2015 was estimated at the local city-level.Findings For 2015 we found that meeting the WHO recommendation of access to green space could prevent 42 968 (95% CI 32 296-64 177) deaths annually using the NDVI proxy (ie, 20% [95% CI 15-30] of deaths per 100 000 inhabitants-year), which represents 2•3% (95% CI 1•7-3•4) of the total natural-cause mortality and 245 (95% CI 184-366) years of life lost per 100 000 inhabitants-year. For the %GA proxy 17 947 (95%CI 0-35 747) deaths could be prevented annually. For %GA the number of attributable deaths were half of that of the NDVI and results were non-significant due to the exposure response function considered. The distribution of NDVI and %GA varied between cities and was not equally distributed within cities. Among European capitals, Athens, Brussels, Budapest, Copenhagen, and Riga showed some of the highest mortality burdens due to the lack of green space. The main source of uncertainty for our results was the choice of the agestructures of the population for the NDVI analysis, and exposure-response function for the %GA analysis.Interpretation A large number of premature deaths in European cities could be prevented by increasing exposure to green space, while contributing to sustainable, liveable and healthy cities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green space and mortality in European cities: a health impact assessment study

Barboza

Cirach

Khomenko

et al. 2021

The Lancet Planetary Health

Self Cite

190

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“…Ein methodisches Werkzeug zur Umgestaltung von Städten in Richtung „gesund und nachhaltig“ stellt auch das Health Impact Assessment (HIA) dar, welches die Auswirkungen von (Planungs-)Entscheidungen entlang unterschiedlicher Wirkpfade – möglichst im Voraus – abzuschätzen versucht. Hierbei liegt eine Herausforderung darin, dem systemischen Charakter von Städten gerecht zu werden, d. h. auch Rückkopplungen, Wechselwirkungen und Ungewissheit passend zu berücksichtigen und dabei gleichzeitig partizipativ zu arbeiten 24 , An frühere Entwicklungen wie z. B. European Policy Health Impact Assessment (EPHIA) 18 anknüpfend, untersucht das Verbundprojekt „GFA_Stadt“ die heute bestehenden Potenziale und Hemmnisse für eine Gesundheitsfolgenabschätzung 25 .…”

Section: Spannungsfelder Und Lösungsansätzeunclassified

Stadtplanung, urbane Initiativen und Gesundheit

Köckler,

Knieling,

Fehr

2023

Gesundheitswesen

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ZusammenfassungStadtplanung und Public Health sind zentrale Handlungsfelder, um Stadtentwicklung aus einer gesundheitlichen Perspektive zu betrachten. In beiden Handlungsfeldern spielen Politik und Verwaltung ebenso wie urbane Initiativen eine gestaltende Rolle. Das Handeln richtet sich auf die gemeinsamen übergeordneten Themenlinien Zukunftsfähigkeit, soziale Gerechtigkeit und umweltbezogene Gerechtigkeit aus. Diese Gemeinsamkeiten spiegeln sich in unterschiedlichen Memoranden wider. Trotz dieser gemeinsamen Basis von Stadtplanung und Gesundheitswesen gibt es Spannungsfelder, die unter anderem in verschiedenen rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen und Handlungslogiken begründet liegen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden Empfehlungen für die Wissenschaft, die Förderlandschaft, die Praxis sowie die Aus- und Weiterbildung formuliert.

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“…History has shown that pandemics can help change the layout of cities and build safer environments. However [120,121], the current layout of contemporary cities developed after forgetting the impact of previous pandemics. In recent years, the emphasis has been on densely populated urban spaces.…”

Section: Sustainable Cities Communities and Climate Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Development Goals in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review

et al. 2022

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The present narrative review aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sustainable development goals (SDGS). This information would allow a better comprehension of the actual state of the SDGS and a more efficient programming in future interventions. To achieve the objective of the study, a consensual and critical review was carried out using both primary sources, such as scientific articles, and secondary sources, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages and databases. The Sustainable Development Goals are a global call to action to end poverty, close the gender gap, protect the planet, and improve the lives of people around the world. In 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted 17 goals as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which sets out a plan to achieve the goals in 15 years. However, the COVID-19 pandemic crisis has been a turning point in the achievement of these goals, due to all its consequences at the political, economic, and socio-cultural levels. This review can be used as a guide for future research and reviews in order to understand the status of each of the SDGs and what actions have been taken and proposed in the aftermath of the pandemic in recent years.

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The Role of Health Impact Assessment for Shaping Policies and Making Cities Healthier

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Green space and mortality in European cities: a health impact assessment study

Green space and mortality in European cities: a health impact assessment study

Stadtplanung, urbane Initiativen und Gesundheit

Sustainable Development Goals in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review

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