The role of hesperidin in ameliorating retinal changes in rats with experimentally induced type 1 diabetes mellitus and the active role of vascular endothelial growth factor and glial fibrillary acidic protein

Abstract

Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T 1 DM) are vulnerable to developing diabetic retinopathy even under insulin therapy. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of hesperidin and insulin in rats with T 1 DM compared with insulin alone in improving diabetic retinal changes. Eighty rats were divided into four equal groups: group I, control rats without diabetes; group II, untreated rats with diabetes; group III, rats with diabetes treated daily with subcutaneous (SC) doses of long-acting insulin; and group IV, a rat with diabetes in which hesperidin was orally administered with SC insulin. The animals were assessed histologically, morphometrically, and biochemically. In group II, the thickness of all retinal layers decreased histologically. Ultrastructurally, degenerated retinal neurons and congested blood vessels were observed. Immunostaining detected elevated gene expression of advanced glycation end products. Gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, and glial fibrillary acidic protein were elevated. In this study, hesperidin supplementation with insulin significantly improved the retinal histological changes, supported by morphometric findings, compared with insulin alone. Moreover, treatment with hesperidin significantly reduced malondialdehyde and elevated serum antioxidant markers, including superoxide dismutase and catalase; furthermore, glutathione peroxidase decreased. Hesperidin might be an effective supplement for improving diabetic retinal complications occurring even with insulin treatment.

Therapeutic effect of the mesenchymal stem cells on vigabatrin-induced retinopathy in adult male albino rat

“…For H&E and toluidine blue staining, eyeballs specimens were embedded in paraffin after fixation in 10% formalin solution in normal saline. Blocks were sectioned sagittal at eye bulb equator (100–150 μm away from the optic nerve) according to Shehata et al [ 22 ], 4–5 microns thickness then they were hoarded on glass slides, deparaffinized for histopathological examination [ 23 ]. The slides examined by the light electric microscope (LEICA ICC50 W), Department of Human Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University.…”

“…Although retinal toxicity in VGB-treated patients may be Original Article https://doi.org/10.5115/acb. 22.006 eISSN 2093-3673 asymptomatic, peripheral VFD is severe in the form of irreversible peripheral vision loss in 30%-50% of adult patients [12,13], variable degrees of retinal atrophy, and decrease of visual function in 15% of children and 15%-31% of infants [11,14].…”

Enhanced oral delivery of hesperidin-loaded sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin/chitosan nanoparticles for augmenting its hypoglycemic activity: in vitro-in vivo assessment study

“…Additionally, it has shown a potent antioxidant activity which helps to safeguard against various chronic diseases such as Diabetes mellitus [ 2 , 8 ]. Hsd depicts auspicious antidiabetic action as it improves insulin sensitivity, and therefore prevents hyperglycemia in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes [ 9 – 11 ]. It was also reported that Hsd had protective effects against diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy [ 12 , 13 ].…”