The Role of HLA-G Molecule and HLA-G Gene Polymorphisms in Tumors, Viral Hepatitis, and Parasitic Diseases

Abstract

Considering that the non-classical HLA-G molecule has well-recognized tolerogenic properties, HLA-G expression is expected to be deleterious when present in tumor cells and in cells chronically infected by viruses, whereas HLA-G expression is expected to be advantageous in autoimmune disorders. The expression of HLA-G on tissue or peripheral blood cells, the levels of soluble HLA-G and polymorphic sites along the gene have been studied in several disorders. In this study, we revised the role of the molecule and polymorphic sites along the HLA-G gene in tumors, viral hepatitis, and parasitic disorders. Overall, several lines of evidence clearly show that the induction of HLA-G expression in tumors has been associated with worse disease outcome and disease spread. In addition, the few studies conducted on hepatitis and parasitic disorders indicate that HLA-G may contribute to disease pathogenesis. Few isolated polymorphic sites, primarily located at the coding or 3′ untranslated HLA-G region, have been evaluated in these disorders, and a complete HLA-G typing together with the study of gene regulatory elements may further help on the understanding of the influence of the genetic background on disease susceptibility.

Do Gamma Rays of Cancer Radiotherapy Effect on the Sequence of Collagenase Gene?

“…But they demonstrated that the DRB1*07 have a protective role too (17). Diase et al (2015) had reported that HLA-DRB1*13, which showed a decrease in patients, should be protective against ALL (14). The findings that were demonstrated also by Dorak et al (2013),who reported that the frequency of the HLA-DRB1*13 allele was lower in male patients of leukemia (15).…”

“…The first study on HLA in human leukemia demonstrated an increased frequency of HLA-A2 in ALL in 1967 .From that date many previous studies have demonstrated some significant differences in HLA allele frequencies in leukemic patients and normal subjects which had reported by Diase et al (2015) and others (14,15,16). In our study, significant positive association with the disease, in patients compared to controls, was found for two alleles: HLA-DRB1*013.Also there were moderate difference among DRB1*06 DRB1*14, and *15.…”

Haplotypes of the HLA-G 3’ Untranslated Region Respond to Endogenous Factors of HLA-G+ and HLA-G- Cell Lines Differentially

“…In particular, genetic variations in these regions can modify interactions with cellular endogenous factors such as RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs [40]. It is noteworthy that in pathological situations where HLA-G is critical to control the patient’s immune system, the magnitude of HLA-G expression may vary depending on the individual [4] [41]. Although there is evidence that HLA-G 5’URR polymorphisms may influence the levels of promoter activity [42], investigations into the global impact of 3’UTR polymorphisms are lacking.…”

Association of the HLA‐G 3′UTR polymorphisms with colorectal cancer in Italy: a first insight

“…In tumours, the 14‐bp Ins allele was described to provide an increased risk of invasive cancer of the uterine cervix (Ferguson et al ., ). Conversely, the 14‐bp Del allele was associated with susceptibility to breast cancer and, among tumours of the digestive system, to hepatocellular carcinoma (Dias et al ., ). We found that the presence of 14‐bp Ins allele conferred susceptibility to CRC , as the +3196 G allele.…”