THE ROLE OF HONEYBEES (Apis mellifera) AND OTHER INSECT POLLINATORS IN GENE FLOW BETWEEN OILSEED RAPE (Brassica napus) AND WILD RADISH (Raphanus raphanistrum)

Pierre, J.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2001.561.6

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Many studies have shown that up to 80% of bee flights are less than 1 m in distance, with most pollen transported no father than 5 m [9,31] . However, some studies demonstrated that bees transported pollen long-distance, occasionally reaching a maximum of 4 km [6,34] . Our data in the present study did not support the long-distance transfer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen-mediated gene flow in Chinese commercial fields of glufosinate-resistant canola (Brassica napus)

et al. 2008

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen-mediated gene flow in Chinese commercial fields of glufosinate-resistant canola (Brassica napus)

et al. 2008

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“…For example, R. raphanistrum is preferentially visited by small insects such as solitary bees and flies, and by certain bumblebee species such as Bombus lapidaries. Honeybees and Bombus terrestris show high flower constancy to oilseed rape and avoid R. raphanistrum when it occurs in a patch surrounded by oilseed rape, as it provides lesser quantities of food (Pierre 2001). Pollinators' behaviour is also affected by field sizes, field distribution and amount of rewards (Cresswell and Osborne 2004).…”

Section: Implementation Of Gene Flow Index Using Oilseed Rape In Belgiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the introgressive hybridisation propensity between transgenic oilseed rape and its wild/weedy relatives

Devos

Schrijver

Reheul

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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In order to estimate the introgressive hybridisation propensity (IHP) between genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and certain of its cross-compatible wild/weedy relatives at the landscape level, a conceptual approach was developed. A gene flow index was established enclosing the successive steps to successfully achieve introgressive hybridisation: wild/weedy relatives and oilseed rape should co-occur, have overlapping flowering periods, be compatible, produce viable and fertile progeny, and the transgenes should persist in natural/weedy populations. Each step was described and scored, resulting in an IHP value for each cross-compatible oilseed rape wild/weedy relative. The gene flow index revealed that Brassica rapa has the highest introgressive hybridisation propensity (IHP value = 11.5), followed by Hirschfeldia incana and Raphanus raphanistrum (IHP = 6.7), Brassica juncea (IHP = 5.1), Diplotaxis tenuifolia and Sinapis arvensis (IHP = 4.5) in Flanders. Based on the IHP values, monitoring priorities can be defined within the pool of cross-compatible wild/weedy oilseed rape relatives. Moreover, the developed approach enables to select areas where case-specific monitoring of GM oilseed rape could be done in order to detect potential adverse effects on cross-compatible wild/weedy relatives resulting from vertical gene flow. The implementation of the proposed oilseed rape-wild relative gene flow index revealed that the survey design of existing botanical survey networks does not suit general surveillance needs of GM crops in Belgium. The encountered hurdles to implement the gene flow index and proposals to acquire the missing data are discussed.

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“…Insect foraging behaviour is complex, being dependent on a number of factors including spatial arrangement of plants, environmental conditions, plant density and availability of pollen and nectar (Eisikowitch 1981;Rieger et al 2002). Many studies have shown that a large proportion (up to 80%) of bee flights are less than 1 m in distance, with the majority of pollen being transported by bees less than 5 m (Cresswell 1999;Ramsay et al 1999;Pierre 2001). Occasionally however, bees may travel much further and studies have measured bee flight distances of 1-2 km (Eckert 1933), up to a maximum distance of 4 km ; Thompson et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen-mediated intraspecific gene flow from herbicide resistant oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Hüsken¹,

Dietz‐Pfeilstetter²

2007

Transgenic Res

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The cultivation of genetically modified (GM) herbicide resistant oilseed rape (Brassica napus) has increased over the past few years. The transfer of herbicide resistance genes via pollen (gene flow) from GM crops to non-GM crops is of relevance for the realisation of co-existence of different agricultural cultivation forms as well as for weed management. Therefore the likelihood of pollen-mediated gene flow has been investigated in numerous studies. Despite the difficulty to compare different experiments with varying levels of outcrossing, we performed a literature search for world-wide studies on cross-fertilisation in fully fertile oilseed rape. The occurrence and frequency of pollen-mediated intraspecific gene flow (outcrossing rate) can vary according to cultivar, experimental design, local topography and environmental conditions. The outcrossing rate from one field to another depends also on the size and arrangement of donor and recipient populations and on the ratio between donor and recipient plot size. The outcrossing levels specified in the presented studies are derived mostly from experiments where the recipient field is either surrounding the donor field (continuous design) or is located as a patch at different distances from the donor field (discontinuous design). Reports of gene flow in Brassica napus generally show that the amount of cross-fertilisation decreases as the distance from the pollen source increases. The evidence given in various studies reveals that the bulk of GM cross-fertilisation occurs within the first 10 m of the recipient field. The removal of the first 10 m of a non-transgenic field facing a GM crop might therefore be more efficient for reducing the total level of cross-fertilisation in a recipient sink population than to recommend separation distances. Future experiments should investigate cross-fertilisation with multiple adjacent donor fields at the landscape level under different spatial distributions of rapeseed cultivars and different cropping systems. The level of cross-fertilisation occurring over the whole field is mainly important for co-existence and has not been investigated in agricultural scale experiments until now. Potential problems with herbicide resistant oilseed rape volunteers arising from intraspecific gene flow can be largely solved by the choice of suitable cultivars and herbicides as well as by soil management.

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THE ROLE OF HONEYBEES (Apis mellifera) AND OTHER INSECT POLLINATORS IN GENE FLOW BETWEEN OILSEED RAPE (Brassica napus) AND WILD RADISH (Raphanus raphanistrum)

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Pollen-mediated gene flow in Chinese commercial fields of glufosinate-resistant canola (Brassica napus)

Pollen-mediated gene flow in Chinese commercial fields of glufosinate-resistant canola (Brassica napus)

Quantifying the introgressive hybridisation propensity between transgenic oilseed rape and its wild/weedy relatives

Pollen-mediated intraspecific gene flow from herbicide resistant oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

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