“…In light of the seminal research conducted by Dewaele and MacIntyre (2014), which pioneered the examination of both positive and negative emotions, a subsequent proliferation of empirical studies on emotions in the field of second language acquisition (SLA) has occurred. This body of research includes positive emotions, particularly enjoyment, joy, and hope (Dewaele, Botes, & Greiff, 2023;Huang, 2022;Johnson, 2019;MacIntyre, Mercer, Gregersen, & Hay, 2022;Zhao, 2023), along with negative emotions such as anxiety, anger, distress, sadness, and shame (Teimouri, Goetze, & Plonsky, 2019). However, other emotions commonly experienced by learners, such as foreign language learning boredom (FLLB), have received less attention in the literature and remain underexplored (Li, 2022;Li & Dewaele, 2020;Li & Wei, 2022;Zhao & Wang, 2023).…”