The role of host genetic factors in respiratory tract infectious diseases: systematic review, meta-analyses and field synopsis

Patarčić, Inga; Gelemanović, Andrea; Kirin, Mirna; Kolčić, Ivana; Τheodoratou, Evropi; Baillie, J Kenneth; Jong, Menno D. de; Rudan, Igor; Campbell, Harry; Polašek, Ozren

doi:10.1038/srep16119

Cited by 63 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…A few studies in the literature concerned the association of IL-4 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to ALRIs in young children. 13,20 In accordance with our results, a recent meta-analysis by Patarčić et al reported an allelic association between the IL4 -590T allele and susceptibility to several respiratory infections. 13 In an attempt to explain our results, we assessed the serum IL4 concentrations in patients with ALRIs which were significantly elevated compared to the healthy control children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…13,20 In accordance with our results, a recent meta-analysis by Patarčić et al reported an allelic association between the IL4 -590T allele and susceptibility to several respiratory infections. 13 In an attempt to explain our results, we assessed the serum IL4 concentrations in patients with ALRIs which were significantly elevated compared to the healthy control children. This finding was in agreement with a recent study investigated the cytokine profile during the acute phase of complicated pneumonia among Ukrainian children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In accordance with our results, a recent meta‐analysis by Patarčić et al reported an allelic association between the IL4 ‐590T allele and susceptibility to several respiratory infections . A pilot study performed by Choi et al reported that IL4 ‐590T allele carriers have been found to have more risk and severity of RSV disease in a cohort of Korean infants and young children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Of interest, there was a significant negative association between the IL4‐C allele at the same position and susceptibility to ALRI suggesting that IL4‐590C allele confers in some fashion protection against ALRIs. A few studies in the literature concerned the association of IL‐4 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to ALRIs in young children …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interleukin‐4 ‐590C/T gene polymorphism in Egyptian children with acute lower respiratory infection: A multicenter study

Emam

Shehab

Allah

et al. 2019

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Background Acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) is the leading cause of child mortality, especially in the developing world. Polymorphisms in the interleukin 4 (IL‐4) gene have been linked to a variety of human diseases. Objectives To investigate whether the IL‐4 ‐590C/T (rs2243250) polymorphism could be a genetic marker for susceptibility to ALRIs in young Egyptian children. Methods This was a multicenter study conducted on 480 children diagnosed with pneumonia or bronchiolitis, and 480 well‐matched healthy control children. Using PCR‐RFLP analysis, we genotyped a ‐590C/T (rs2243250) single nucleotide polymorphism of the IL‐4 gene promoter, meanwhile the serum IL‐4concentration was measured by ELISA. Results The frequency of the IL‐4 ‐590 T/T genotype and T allele were overrepresented in patients with ALRIs in comparison to the control group (OR = 2.0; [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38‐2.96]; for the T/T genotype) and (OR: 1.3; [95%CI: 1.07‐1.56]; for the T allele; P < 0.01). The IL‐4 ‐590 T/T genotype was associated with significantly higher mean serum IL‐4 concentration (58.7 ± 13.4 pg/mL) compared to the C/T genotype (47.6 ± 11 pg/mL) and the C/C genotype (34.8 ± 9.6 pg/mL); P < 0.01. Conclusion The IL‐4 −590C/T (rs2243250) polymorphism may contribute to susceptibility to ALRIs in young Egyptian children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Interleukin‐4 ‐590C/T gene polymorphism in Egyptian children with acute lower respiratory infection: A multicenter study

Emam

Shehab

Allah

et al. 2019

Pediatric Pulmonology

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“…This is because many studies relate to acute infections, rather than the mechanisms involved in establishing and maintaining chronic endobronchial infections where the various components of mucosal, innate, and systemic immunity likely play a different role. Two systematic reviews and meta‐analyses described an absence of conclusive evidence linking host genetic factors to susceptibility to pneumococcal disease or respiratory tract infections generally …”

Section: The Pneumococcusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus pneumoniae and chronic endobronchial infections in childhood

Hare

Leach

Smith‐Vaughan

et al. 2017

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the main cause of bacterial pneumonia worldwide and has been studied extensively in this context. However, its role in chronic endobronchial infections and accompanying lower airway neutrophilic infiltration has received little attention. Severe and recurrent pneumonia are risk factors for chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) and bronchiectasis; the latter causes considerable morbidity and, in some populations, premature death in children and adults. Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) is another chronic endobronchial infection associated with substantial morbidity. In some children, PBB may progress to bronchiectasis. Although nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is the main pathogen in PBB, CSLD and bronchiectasis, pneumococci are isolated commonly from the lower airways of children with these diagnoses. Here we review what is known currently about pneumococci in PBB, CSLD and bronchiectasis, including the importance of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization and how persistence in the lower airways may contribute to the pathogenesis of these chronic pulmonary disorders. Antibiotic treatments, particularly long-term azithromycin therapy, are discussed together with antibiotic resistance and the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Important areas requiring further investigation are identified, including immune responses associated with pneumococcal lower airway infection, alone and in combination with other respiratory pathogens, and microarray serotyping to improve detection of carriage and infection by multiple serotypes. Genome wide association studies of pneumococci from the upper and lower airways will help identify virulence and resistance determinants, including potential therapeutic targets and vaccine antigens to treat and prevent endobronchial infections. Much work is needed, but the benefits will be substantial.

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Factors associated with clinical severity in emergency department patients presenting with symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

et al. 2021

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Objective To measure the association of race, ethnicity, comorbidities, and insurance status with need for hospitalization of symptomatic emergency department patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Methods This study is a cohort study of symptomatic patients presenting to a single emergency department (ED) with laboratory‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection from March 7‐August 9, 2020. We collected patient‐level information regarding demographics, insurance status, comorbidities, level of care, and mortality using a structured chart review. We compared characteristics of patients categorized by (1) home discharge, (2) general hospital ward admission, and (3) intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death within 30 days of the index visit. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to report odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between hospital admission versus ED discharge home and between ICU care versus general hospital ward admission. Results In total, 994 patients who presented to the ED with symptoms were included in the analysis with 551 (55.4%) patients discharged home, 314 (31.6%) patients admitted to the general hospital ward, and 129 (13.0%) admitted to the ICU or dying. Patients requiring admission were more likely to be Black or to have public insurance (Medicaid and/or Medicare). Patients who were admitted to the ICU or dying were more likely aged ≥ 65 years or male. In multivariable logistic regression, old age, public insurance, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, heart failure, and hyperlipidemia were independent predictors of hospital admission. When comparing those who needed ICU care versus general hospital ward admission in univariate logistic regression, patients with Medicaid (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–4.6), Medicare (OR 4.2, 95% CI 2.1–8.4), Medicaid and Medicare (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.4–7.7), history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.2), hypertension (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.7), and heart failure (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.4–4.7) were more likely to be admitted into the ICU or die; Black (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.4–2.9) and Hispanic/Latino (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6–1.8) patients were less likely to be admitted into the ICU; however, the associations were not statistically significant. In multivariable logistic regression, old age, male sex, public insurance, and heart failure were independent predictors of ICU care/death. Conclusion Comorbidities and public insurance are predictors of more severe illness for patients with SARS‐CoV‐2. This study suggests that the disparities in severity seen in COVID‐19 among Black patients may be attributable, in part, to low socioeconomic status and chronic health conditions.

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The role of host genetic factors in respiratory tract infectious diseases: systematic review, meta-analyses and field synopsis

Cited by 63 publications

References 89 publications

Interleukin‐4 ‐590C/T gene polymorphism in Egyptian children with acute lower respiratory infection: A multicenter study

Interleukin‐4 ‐590C/T gene polymorphism in Egyptian children with acute lower respiratory infection: A multicenter study

Streptococcus pneumoniae and chronic endobronchial infections in childhood

Factors associated with clinical severity in emergency department patients presenting with symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

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