The role of human activities on forest insect outbreaks worldwide

Ciesla, William M.

doi:10.1505/146554815815982684

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Eucalyptus is native to Australasia but is used in plantation forestry worldwide due to its fast growth and many commercial applications (Paine et al, 2011;Ciesla, 2015). Eucalyptus species have become one of the most commonly Correspondence: Gudrun Dittrich-Schröder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive gall‐forming wasps that threaten non‐native plantation‐grownEucalyptus: diversity and invasion patterns

Dittrich-Schroder

Hurley

Wingfield

et al. 2020

Agri and Forest Entomology

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Gall-forming hymenopterans of Eucalyptus species are highly successful invaders causing significant damage in non-native plantation forests. To date, at least 16 of these species have been recorded as invasive eucalypt gall formers, of which less than half are known from Australia where they are thought to be native. About 80% of the species have become invasive only in the last two decades, <10%, of which were known from Australia beforehand. 2 Two species, Leptocybe invasa and Ophelimus maskelli are global invaders that have become established in 43 and 23 countries, respectively, since 2000. They belong to a large number of wasps that cause similar damage and that could become invasive in the future. 3 The problem of identification is exacerbated by the fact that many species lack taxonomic descriptions; over 80% of the invasive eucalypt gall wasps were first described from their invasive range. The small number of taxonomists able to identify these insects slows accurate diagnoses. Even when initial identifications have been made, these may be confused with morphologically similar but distinct cryptic species, which may differ in their host range and natural enemy interactions. 4 Furthermore, detailed information regarding their biology and native distribution is typically sparse or unknown. This lack of information delays the initiation of management actions because breeding for resistance and biological control requires accurate identification of the target pest. 5 The gall-forming hymenopterans associated with Eucalyptus represent an important group on which to focus the development of pre-emptive quarantine, monitoring and potential management options. Given the global nature of invasions by these insects, an international and collaborative research approach is required, where knowledge and tools for study can be shared in a more effective manner.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive gall‐forming wasps that threaten non‐native plantation‐grownEucalyptus: diversity and invasion patterns

Dittrich-Schroder

Hurley

Wingfield

et al. 2020

Agri and Forest Entomology

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“…Forest management and fire suppression across the interior of BC have provided a more continuous cover of susceptible pine trees (Campbell et al 2007) which may allow future outbreaks to spread more quickly across vast landscapes (Burton 2006). Climate change may also affect future MPB epidemics by accelerating beetle development/reproduction, extending their range to the north and east, and increasing their winter survival (Ciesla 2015). In just the past 100 years, average minimum winter temperature has increased by 2.2-2.6 o C in BC allowing for greater MPB winter survival rates (Ciesla 2015).…”

Section: Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Climate change may also affect future MPB epidemics by accelerating beetle development/reproduction, extending their range to the north and east, and increasing their winter survival (Ciesla 2015). In just the past 100 years, average minimum winter temperature has increased by 2.2-2.6 o C in BC allowing for greater MPB winter survival rates (Ciesla 2015). This increase in winter temperature assisted the rapid spread of the recent outbreak (Ciesla 2015).…”

Section: Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In just the past 100 years, average minimum winter temperature has increased by 2.2-2.6 o C in BC allowing for greater MPB winter survival rates (Ciesla 2015). This increase in winter temperature assisted the rapid spread of the recent outbreak (Ciesla 2015).…”

Section: Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This natural mosaic began to change through forest management which developed a more homogeneous forest landscape due to fire suppression and clearcut harvesting (Campbell et al 2007) and the creation of a continuous expanse of susceptible lodgepole pine trees which allowed the recent outbreak to cover the entire province of BC (Safranyik et al 2006). The other major factor contributing to the perfect storm for the recent MPB outbreak was a warming climate and elevated winter temperatures in northern latitudes (Ciesla 2015) which led to higher MPB winter survival (Raffa et al 2008;Smith et al 2012).…”

Section: Mountain Pine Beetle In British Columbiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth release and carbon storage of residual live trees in a mountain pine beetle (MPB) attacked lodgepole pine stand in northern British Columbia

McEwen¹

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Carbon (C) storage in residual live lodgepole pine trees in northern BC at Kennedy Siding was measured 11 and 12 years after a severe mountain pine beetle (MPB) epidemic. Kennedy Siding eddy covariance (EC) measurements showed that the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) was quick to recover C sink status. In this study, measurements of heights and diameters of 160 residual live lodgepole pine trees and a subset of 60 tree cores were used to calculate residual tree stem C-storage in 2017 and 2018 (36.01 and 26.71 g C m -2 yr -1 respectively). Dendrochronology analyses indicated that residual pine trees released on average 392% in the decade following versus the decade prior to MPB-attack. Stem C-storage was strongly and positively correlated with EC-NEP measurements (R 2 =0.77) and percent downed canopy trees (R 2 =0.837), suggesting that growth release of residual trees was likely driven by improvements in resources (e.g. light, moisture, nutrient).

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Denser forests across the USA experience more damage from insects and pathogens

Asaro

Koch²,

Potter³

2023

Sci Rep

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Forests across much of the United States are becoming denser. Trees growing in denser stands experience more competition for essential resources, which can make them more vulnerable to disturbances. Forest density can be expressed in terms of basal area, a metric that has been used to assess vulnerability of some forests to damage by certain insects or pathogens. A raster map of total tree basal area (TBA) for the conterminous United States was compared with annual (2000–2019) survey maps of forest damage due to insects and pathogens. Across each of four regions, median TBA was significantly higher within forest areas defoliated or killed by insects or pathogens than in areas without recorded damage. Therefore, TBA may serve as a regional-scale indicator of forest health and a first filter for identifying areas that merit finer-scale analysis of forest conditions.

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The role of human activities on forest insect outbreaks worldwide

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Invasive gall‐forming wasps that threaten non‐native plantation‐grownEucalyptus: diversity and invasion patterns

Invasive gall‐forming wasps that threaten non‐native plantation‐grownEucalyptus: diversity and invasion patterns

Growth release and carbon storage of residual live trees in a mountain pine beetle (MPB) attacked lodgepole pine stand in northern British Columbia

Denser forests across the USA experience more damage from insects and pathogens

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