The Role of Human Engineering in the Design of the Orion Spacecraft

The human user is important to consider during system design. However, common system design models, such as the system modeling language, typically represent human users and operators as external actors, rather than as internal to the system. This research presents a method for integrating human considerations into system models through human-centered design. A specific system is selected to serve as the case study for demonstrating the methodology. The sample system is analyzed to identify the task and information flow. Then, both system-and human-centered diagrams are separately created to represent different viewpoints of the system. These diagrams are compared and analyzed, and new diagrams are created that incorporate both system and human considerations into one concordant representation of the system model. These new views allow systems engineers and human factors engineers to effectively communicate the role of the user during early system design trades.

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Applying ergonomics for beyond the earth: Integrating participatory ergonomic design for sending a human to space

Beiranvand

Ayoobi

Mortezapour

et al. 2023

WOR

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BACKGROUND: The aviation industry is a complex socio-technical system that has various parts which can be optimized by human factors and ergonomics. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to provide insight into the collaborative ergonomic design process for an astronaut workstation within a small spaceship. METHODS: Having defined the project goals and other quantitative information such as anthropometric dimensions, the Catia software was then used for 3D modeling. Following the initial modeling, the RULA method was used to conduct the initial ergonomic analysis. Following the creation of a simple product prototype, other ergonomic analyses such as mental workload, perceived physical exertion, and usability were carried out. RESULTS: The results of the preliminary ergonomic analysis indicated that the RULA score was acceptable (the final scores were 2 and 3 for the nearest and the farthest controls). Furthermore, the secondary ergonomic analyses were all satisfactory. The mental workload, SUS, and Borg scores for Bedford were, respectively, 2.2, 85.1, and 11.4. CONCLUSION: The proposed product initially received an acceptable ergonomic store; nevertheless, in order to continue producing this product, ergonomic concerns must be taken into consideration.

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The Role of Human Engineering in the Design of the Orion Spacecraft

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Human-system interfaces design

Human-system interfaces design

Human-Centered Design Using System Modeling Language

Applying ergonomics for beyond the earth: Integrating participatory ergonomic design for sending a human to space

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