The Role of Hydrogen Bonding on Laminar Burning Velocity of Hydrous and Anhydrous Ethanol Fuel with Small Addition of n-Heptane

Abstract

The molecular structure of mixed hydrous and anhydrous ethanol with up to 10% v n-heptane had been studied. The burning velocity was examined in a cylindrical explosion combustion chamber. The result showed that the burning velocity of hydrous ethanol is higher than anhydrous ethanol and n-heptane at stoichiometric, rich, and very rich mixtures. The burning velocity of hydrous ethanol with n-heptane drops drastically compared to the burning velocity of anhydrous ethanol with n-heptane. It is caused by two reasons. Firstly, there was a composition change of azeotropic hydrous ethanol molecules within the mixture of fuel. Secondly, at the same volume the number of ethanol molecules in hydrous ethanol was less than in anhydrous ethanol at the same composition of the n-heptane in the mixture. At the mixture of anhydrous ethanol with n-heptane, the burning velocity decreases proportionally to the addition of the n-heptane composition. The burning velocity is between the velocities of anhydrous ethanol and n-heptane. It shows that the burning velocity of anhydrous ethanol mixed with n-heptane is only influenced by the mixture composition.

Role of small addition of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) on laminar burning velocity of hydrous ethanol

“…Fig. 6, b shows that the laminar burning velocity of E90 decreases by the addition of water, this is in accordance with the previous research [14].…”

“…3, b-d. This is in accordance with the previous research [14]. Abrupt flame speed reduction occurs from 5 % water content (W 5) to 7.5 % (W7,5) for E100 and E80, while for E90, the flame speed decreases gradually with the increase of water content.…”

“…The LPG laminar burning velocity in Fig. 5, b shows the suitability of the pattern, [14,19] shows different patterns. Fig.…”

“…To ensure a smooth transition to the use of ethanol, the combustion characteristics of ethanol mixed with other fuels are indispensable. Fundamental research about the burning characteristics of ethanol mixed with liquid fossil fuels has been carried out extensively [7,[12][13][14]. The combustion of ethanol and liquid fossil fuel mixture in internal combustion engines also has been studied [3][4][5]15].…”

Addition of bio-additive as a catalyst of burning vegetable oil influenced by 4 pole magnetic field

“…Many factors affect the combustion process, among which are fatty acids, polarity and the potential of electricity from fatty acids. Gas-fired research has also been examined by [8,9], revealing speed in the combustion chamber. The results showed that the hydro ethanol combustion rate was higher than anhydrous ethanol and N-Heptane in the stoichiometric mixture.…”