The rising demand
for single-use polymers calls for alternative
waste treatment pathways to ensure a circular economy. Here, we explore
hydrogen production from waste polymer gasification (wPG) to reduce
the environmental impacts of plastic incineration and landfilling
while generating a valuable product. We assess the carbon footprint
of 13 H2 production routes and their environmental sustainability
relative to the planetary boundaries (PBs) defined for seven Earth-system
processes, covering H2 from waste polymers (wP; polyethylene,
polypropylene, and polystyrene), and a set of benchmark technologies
including H2 from natural gas, biomass, and water splitting.
Our results show that wPG coupled with carbon capture and storage
(CCS) could reduce the climate change impact of fossil-based and most
electrolytic routes. Moreover, due to the high price of wP, wPG would
be more expensive than its fossil- and biomass-based analogs but cheaper
than the electrolytic routes. The absolute environmental sustainability
assessment (AESA) revealed that all pathways would transgress at least
one downscaled PB, yet a portfolio was identified where the current
global H2 demand could be met without transgressing any
of the studied PBs, which indicates that H2 from plastics
could play a role until chemical recycling technologies reach a sufficient
maturity level.