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Purpose The surge in internet usage has generated widespread speculation and optimism regarding its potential impact on the accessibility to financial services. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of internet penetration on the accessibility of banking services in developed and developing countries. Design/methodology/approach Panel data regression methods are used to estimate the impact of internet penetration on accessibility to banking services in a sample of 74 countries from Global Findex survey waves of 2011, 2014, 2017 and 2021. To mitigate potential issues related to heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and cross-sectional dependence, the study has implemented cluster robust standard errors testing. Furthermore, as a sensitivity check, the sample has been segregated into developed and developing country groups. Findings The study finds a significant positive correlation between internet penetration and banking access in full sample. Subsample analysis reveals that this relationship is statistically significant in developed countries, but not in developing ones, despite being positive. The research discusses the implications of these findings for both country groups. Originality/value Research to date has largely investigated the link between information and communication technology (ICT) and financial inclusion, often treating internet penetration as one component of ICT, which obscures its individual influence. This study, however, isolates internet penetration to specifically analyze its distinct effects on banking accessibility across developed and developing countries.
Purpose The surge in internet usage has generated widespread speculation and optimism regarding its potential impact on the accessibility to financial services. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of internet penetration on the accessibility of banking services in developed and developing countries. Design/methodology/approach Panel data regression methods are used to estimate the impact of internet penetration on accessibility to banking services in a sample of 74 countries from Global Findex survey waves of 2011, 2014, 2017 and 2021. To mitigate potential issues related to heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and cross-sectional dependence, the study has implemented cluster robust standard errors testing. Furthermore, as a sensitivity check, the sample has been segregated into developed and developing country groups. Findings The study finds a significant positive correlation between internet penetration and banking access in full sample. Subsample analysis reveals that this relationship is statistically significant in developed countries, but not in developing ones, despite being positive. The research discusses the implications of these findings for both country groups. Originality/value Research to date has largely investigated the link between information and communication technology (ICT) and financial inclusion, often treating internet penetration as one component of ICT, which obscures its individual influence. This study, however, isolates internet penetration to specifically analyze its distinct effects on banking accessibility across developed and developing countries.
According to the National Development Plan (NDP) Vision 2030 of South Africa, South Africa aims to increase financial inclusion for everyone to 90 percent by 2030. However, a few challenges have arisen over the course of the years after the drafting of the NDP Vision 2030. This article will first trace some of these challenges under the category of practices that diminish the integrity of banks in South Africa. These challenges include banking fraud (phishing and vishing), automated teller machine (ATM) bombings and cash in transit heists (CITs), the unfair treatment of banking customers as well as the greylisting of South Africa by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) resulting in failure to fully complying with international standards regarding the prevention of money laundering (ML), terrorist financing (TF) and proliferation financing (PF). It is also apparent that there are no clear guidelines or protocols that accompany the NDP Vision 2030 to comprehensively detail how the 90 percent financial inclusion target for all people in South Africa will be attained. In addition to this, the NDP does not provide any consequences to the stakeholders responsible for the promotion of financial inclusion and/or any exigency plans should 90 percent fail to be achieved by 2030. Undoubtedly, the above-mentioned challenges to financial inclusion place doubt on the achievement of 90 percent financial inclusion by 2030. This article aims to critically investigate these challenges that may have the potential to hinder the optimum achievement of financial inclusion in contemporary South Africa. Furthermore, this article will critically analyse the relevant legislation as well as related policies and regulations aimed at promoting financial inclusion in South Africa. Ultimately, the article will propose measures which may be useful in attaining 90 percent financial inclusion in South Africa by 2030 as per the NDP Vision 2030.
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