The role of identity in the development of depressive, anxiety and psychosis symptoms in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity: a process-oriented approach

Abstract

Introduction: Childhood adversity is known to predispose to a wide array of psychopathology in adolescence and early adulthood. Identity development, being a crucial developmental task during adolescence, has been suggested to affect this association. Nonetheless, research on the role of identity processes is scarce. The current study aims to investigate how identity processes of exploration and commitment may impact the association between childhood adversity and psychopathology. Methods: We cross-sectionally investigated the association between childhood adversity, identity processes (i.e., exploration in breadth and depth, commitment making, identification with commitment and ruminative exploration) and depressive, anxiety and psychosis symptoms in 869 Flemish adolescents between 14 and 20 years old (mean = 15.52, SD = 1.28). Results: Childhood adversity was associated with increased ruminative exploration, which itself was associated with increased psychopathology. On the other hand, healthy identity processes of commitment making, identification with commitment and exploration in breadth were associated with decreased psychopathology. Processes of exploration in breadth and commitment making attenuated the association between childhood adversity and psychopathology. Moreover, identification with commitment and ruminative exploration potentially mediated this association.Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of healthy identity processes in adolescents, with and without exposure to childhood adversity. Measures of identity structure and identity processes should be combined to fully capture identity.