This special issue of Psychological Injury and Law on disability presents state-of-the-art conceptualization and empirical research that will help psychologists and attorneys in the area of disability determination. This paper constitutes an introduction to and contextualization of the articles in the issue. It focuses on key advances in the field of disability research that are anticipated to move forward the practice of psychological injury and law. These new advances include the following: (1) a theoretical shift toward an integrative and dynamic biopsychosocial framework of health and disability, (2) development of complex multidimensional constructs of motivation, including primary, secondary, and tertiary gains and losses involved in disability claims, (3) increased emphasis on the perception of fairness and justice in disability claims from both psychological and legal perspectives, (4) increased understanding of the functional impact of psychological impairment, (5) inclusion of age-related factors in predicting disability, and (6) the interdisciplinary growth of this field. Although disability prediction and determination constitute the key objectives of clinical and forensic assessments in psychological injury, they are still poorly understood (Schultz and Stewart 2008;Schultz 2008). There are no evidence-based practice guidelines in this field and limited access to graduate and postgraduate training as well. Historically, research in this discipline has been fragmented and guided by disparate conceptual frameworks and methodologies. Forensic psychologists providing disability testimony have been thus vulnerable in court.The purpose of this special issue of the journal Psychological Injury and Law on the topic of disability is to introduce readers to a cross-section of the newest advances in the conceptualization of and research in occupational disability. The papers selected for this special issue are highly representative of the multifold theoretical and empirical developments that are bound to challenge, inform, and advance the field of psychological injury and law for years to come.Theoretical and empirical advancements in the field of disability determination have been long overdue (Schultz 2008;Schultz and Stewart 2008). These developments have not yet been in keeping with the so-called "disability epidemic," i.e., growing statistics of temporary and permanent disability claims, particularly those involving complex and comorbid mental health disabilities (Gnam 2005), pain, and postconcussional sequelae.The development of improved conceptual and evidentiary underpinnings for disability determination in psychological injury and law will assist forensic psychologists in applying the best practice standards and guidelines, as well as help treatment providers in dealing with disability issues. Furthermore, these advances will serve to inform litigation practices on both the defense and plaintiff side in the area of psychological disability and, from a long-term perspective, facilitate legisla...