The role of Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core for precision medicine era of clinical trial

Abstract

Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core (IROC) services have been established for the quality assurance (QA) of imaging and radiotherapy (RT) for NCI's Clinical Trial Network (NCTN) for any trials that contain imaging or RT. The randomized clinical trial is the gold standard for evidence-based medicine.QA ensures data quality, preventing noise from inferior treatments obscuring clinical trial outcome. QA is also found to be cost-effective. IROC has made great progress in multi-institution standardization and is expected to lead QA standardization, QA science in imaging and RT and to advance quality data analysis with big data in the future. The QA in the era of precision medicine is of paramount importance, when individualized decision making may depend on the quality and accuracy of RT and imaging.

Global Epigenetic Analysis Reveals H3K27 Methylation as a Mediator of Double Strand Break Repair

“…For all imaging, 2.5 × 10 4 MCF7 cells were seeded on round #1.5 cover glass in 24 well plates and incubated until 50-80% confluency was achieved. Irradiation and/or treatment with indicated inhibitors were performed in situ .…”

“…Cells were seeded at 3×10 4 cells per well in six-well plates and treated with inhibitors for 1 h prior to irradiation. Cells were allowed to recover in a humidified incubator for 3 days before fixation and staining.…”

“…Modern clinical irradiators can deliver ablative IR doses precisely to the tumor volume while sparing adjacent normal tissue. Even so, radiotherapy is typically ineffective on its own 3,4 and overcoming resistance often depends on combinations with cytotoxic chemotherapy, which incur greater toxicity 5–7 . An attractive alternative is to identify agents that can enhance local effects of IR on tumor cells but have minimal impacts on unirradiated, normal tissue 8,9 .…”

Pan-Cancer Analysis of Radiotherapy Benefits and Immune Infiltration in Multiple Human Cancers

“…A Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used to test for survival prediction capacity. A combination of letters (A-G) and numbers (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) were used to number all the results. Correspondingly, the patients with an immune score greater than zero were defined as positive (+), and those with a score below zero were defined as negative (-).…”

“…Radiotherapy (RT) is the primary method for cancer treatment given to approximately 60% of all newly diagnosed patients [1]. Significant physical advances in RT have been achieved by developing methods of treatment planning and delivery [2]. However, due to differences in tumor radiosensitivity, not all patients derive survival benefit from RT, while suffering serious adverse consequences [3,4].…”