The Role of Immigrant Admission Classes on the Health and Well-being of Immigrants and Refugees in Canada: A Scoping Review

Morassaei, Sara; Irvin, Emma; Smith, Peter M.; Wilson, Kathi; Ghahari, Setareh

doi:10.1007/s10903-022-01352-6

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Literature suggests that foreign born, especially new arrivals, have better health than their Canadian-born counterparts. 26 This has been termed the ‘healthy immigrant effect’ in which immigrants are generally healthier than native born within 5–20 years of arrival due to the immigration policies in Canada that select young, healthy working adults. 26 This health advantage is lost with increasing duration of residency in Canada, showing a higher prevalence of chronic conditions among foreign-born populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 26 This has been termed the ‘healthy immigrant effect’ in which immigrants are generally healthier than native born within 5–20 years of arrival due to the immigration policies in Canada that select young, healthy working adults. 26 This health advantage is lost with increasing duration of residency in Canada, showing a higher prevalence of chronic conditions among foreign-born populations. 27 Health within the immigrant population likely represents a combination of social, political, economic and cultural factors within the host society.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling chronic disease risk across equity factors using a population-based prediction model: the Chronic Disease Population Risk Tool (CDPoRT)

Chen,

Kornas,

Rosella

2024

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundPredicting chronic disease incidence at a population level can help inform overall future chronic disease burden and opportunities for prevention. This study aimed to estimate the future burden of chronic disease in Ontario, Canada, using a population-level risk prediction algorithm and model interventions for equity-deserving groups who experience barriers to services and resources due to disadvantages and discrimination.MethodsThe validated Chronic Disease Population Risk Tool (CDPoRT) estimates the 10-year risk and incidence of major chronic diseases. CDPoRT was applied to data from the 2017/2018 Canadian Community Health Survey to predict baseline 10-year chronic disease estimates to 2027/2028 in the adult population of Ontario, Canada, and among equity-deserving groups. CDPoRT was used to model prevention scenarios of 2% and 5% risk reductions over 10 years targeting high-risk equity-deserving groups.ResultsBaseline chronic disease risk was highest among those with less than secondary school education (37.5%), severe food insecurity (19.5%), low income (21.2%) and extreme workplace stress (15.0%). CDPoRT predicted 1.42 million new chronic disease cases in Ontario from 2017/2018 to 2027/2028. Reducing chronic disease risk by 5% prevented 1500 cases among those with less than secondary school education, prevented 14 900 cases among those with low household income and prevented 2800 cases among food-insecure populations. Large reductions of 57 100 cases were found by applying a 5% risk reduction in individuals with quite a bit workplace stress.ConclusionConsiderable reduction in chronic disease cases was predicted across equity-defined scenarios, suggesting the need for prevention strategies that consider upstream determinants affecting chronic disease risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling chronic disease risk across equity factors using a population-based prediction model: the Chronic Disease Population Risk Tool (CDPoRT)

Chen,

Kornas,

Rosella

2024

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“…Manitoba, particularly Winnipeg, attracts migrants seeking economic opportunities, experiencing rapid population growth [19]. In Canada, immigrants (economic or family class) generally have better health outcomes than refugees, but subgroup differences exist based on gender, country of origin, and residency time [20]. Migrant communities, vulnerable to sexual health inequities like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted and blood borne infections (STBBI), face barriers such as service access, socio-economic challenges, language barriers, and intersecting oppressions [21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Migrant Health Disparities: a Canadian Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration and health study: a socio-ecological analysis of sexual health among migrants in Manitoba, Canada

Souleymanov,

Akinyele-Akanbi,

Njeze

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Background To develop effective public health policies, programs, and services tailored to the unique sexual health needs of migrant populations, it is essential to understand the myriad socio-ecological factors that influence their sexual health. This qualitative community-based participatory study aimed to explore factors influencing migrants’ sexual health at different socio-ecological levels in a Canadian setting. Methods Participants (n = 34) from African, Caribbean, Black; Latin American; South Asian; Middle Eastern, as well as East and Southeast Asian communities were recruited across Manitoba using printed flyers, community organizations, and social media. Individual interviews, conducted in English, French, Mandarin, Cantonese, Tagalog, Arabic, Swahili, and Tigrinya languages, explored questions relating to sexual health and experiences with service providers. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis and socio-ecological systems theory. Results The study uncovered a range of individual, interpersonal, institutional, and socio-structural factors that affect the sexual health of migrants in Manitoba. Individual factors such as sexual health knowledge and testing practices, interpersonal factors like the type of sexual partnerships, institutional factors such as sexual health information needs, language, and service access barriers, and structural-level factors like gender norms and HIV stigma exerted a significant influence on the sexual health practices of study respondents. Sexual health awareness was influenced by various factors including length of time in Canada and involvement in community-based services. Study respondents identified issues related to access to HIV testing and sexual health information, as well as language barriers, racism in healthcare, and HIV stigma. Gender and social norms played a significant role in discouraging communication about sex and safer sex practices. Conclusions The study highlights the complex interplay of factors that influence the sexual health of migrants, and the need for targeted sexual health awareness campaigns and provision of sexual health information in languages spoken by migrants. Public health interventions focused on improving the sexual health outcomes for migrants should consider the socio-ecological elements identified in this study. These findings can inform public health campaigns to increase access to services and address sexual health inequities among migrant communities in Canada.

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“…Similarly, while temporary foreign workers have access to provincial healthcare programs and private insurance through their employers, fears of losing their job may impede seeking healthcare when necessary (Sikka et al, 2011). Overall, precarious migrants appear to experience greater disparities in healthcare access compared to other types of immigrants (Chowdhury et al, 2021;Morassaei et al, 2022;Sikka et al, 2011).…”

Section: Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that, at least for GBM immigrants, disparities in newcomer access to primary healthcare is largely accounted for by disparities that immigrants from precarious backgrounds, such as temporary foreign workers, international students, and refugees, experience. Although these three groups may have access to health insurance through a combination of their employers, their university, or the government, past research has found that they continue to face barriers in healthcare access compared to non-immigrants and immigrants with less precarious legal statuses (Chowdhury et al, 2021;Morassaei et al, 2022;Sikka et al, 2011). These findings highlight the importance of in-depth research on the experiences of GBM immigrants with precarious migration statuses, to better understand the general barriers they face in accessing healthcare, and the specific barriers for sexual health.…”

Section: Gbm Immigrant Healthcare Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparities in Healthcare, STI Testing, and PrEP Access Among Newcomer Sexual Minority Men in Canada

Palma,

Skakoon-Sparling,

Dawson

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) are more likely to be diagnosed with HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) compared to the general population. Although newcomers (i.e., those who arrived ≤ 5 years prior to study participation) generally experience a health advantage compared to non-immigrants and more established immigrants (i.e., healthy immigrant effect), they also experience disparities in access to primary healthcare providers, which may lead to unique vulnerabilities for the sexual health of GBM immigrants. We examined disparities in healthcare access, STI testing, and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among immigrant and non-immigrant GBM. Using baseline data from the Engage Cohort Study (n=2449), we found that newcomer GBM (vs. non-immigrant GBM) were less likely to have a primary healthcare provider, which mediated disparities in both access to STI testing and use of preventative interventions (e.g., PrEP). These disparities dissipated after controlling for precarious migration status (e.g., refugees and refugee applicants, temporary foreign workers, international students and undocumented immigrants), suggesting that disparities in newcomer GBM healthcare access may, in part, be carried by the large number of newcomers with precarious migration statuses, a particularly vulnerable sub-group in this population.

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The Role of Immigrant Admission Classes on the Health and Well-being of Immigrants and Refugees in Canada: A Scoping Review

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Modeling chronic disease risk across equity factors using a population-based prediction model: the Chronic Disease Population Risk Tool (CDPoRT)

Modeling chronic disease risk across equity factors using a population-based prediction model: the Chronic Disease Population Risk Tool (CDPoRT)

Migration and health study: a socio-ecological analysis of sexual health among migrants in Manitoba, Canada

Disparities in Healthcare, STI Testing, and PrEP Access Among Newcomer Sexual Minority Men in Canada

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