The role of immune and inflammatory-related indicators in cognitive dysfunction and disease severity in patients with parkinson’s disease

Zhao, Xudong; Li, Lei; Ma, Xiuping; Li, Yang; Gao, Beibei; Luo, Weifeng

doi:10.1007/s00702-023-02704-8

J Neural Transm

2023

DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02704-8

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The role of immune and inflammatory-related indicators in cognitive dysfunction and disease severity in patients with parkinson’s disease

Xudong Zhao,

Lei Li,

Xiuping Ma

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

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Differentiation and regulation of CD4+ T cell subsets in Parkinson’s disease

Sun,

Gu,

Bai

2024

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and its hallmark pathological features are the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn). It has been shown that the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is damaged in PD patients, and a large number of infiltrating T cells and inflammatory cytokines have been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain parenchyma of PD patients and PD animal models, including significant change in the number and proportion of different CD4 + T cell subsets. This suggests that the neuroinflammatory response caused by CD4 + T cells is an important risk factor for the development of PD. Here, we systematically review the differentiation of CD4 + T cell subsets, and focus on describing the functions and mechanisms of different CD4 + T cell subsets and their secreted cytokines in PD. We also summarize the current immunotherapy targeting CD4 + T cells with a view to providing assistance in the diagnosis and treatment of PD.

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Differentiation and regulation of CD4+ T cell subsets in Parkinson’s disease

Sun,

Gu,

Bai

2024

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Application of Sequential Butylphthalide Therapy Combined with Urinary Kallidinogenase in Treating Acute Cerebral Infarction Complicated with Cognitive Dysfunction

Chao Zhang,

Gao,

et al. 2024

Neurochem. J.

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Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: current view

Jellinger

2024

Front. Cognit.

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Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common motor movement disorder and second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease (AD), is often preceded by a period of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is associated with impairment of a variety of cognitive domains including executive function, attention, visuospatial abilities and memory. MCI, a risk factor for developing dementia, affects around 30% of de novo PD patients and can increase to 75% after more than 10 years. While 30–40% remain in the MCI state, up to 60% will convert to dementia. Characteristic findings are slowing of EEG rhythms, frontotemporal hypoperfusion, decreased functional connectivity in the default mode and attentional networks, prefrontal and basal-ganglia-cortical circuits, which often manifests prior to clinical symptoms and overt brain atrophy. The heterogeneity of cognitive phenotypes suggests that a common neurodegenerative process affects multiple functional neuronal networks and neuromodulatory systems that may be superimposed by Lewy body and Alzheimer's-related or other co-pathologies. Sparse neuropathological data for PD-MCI revealed a heterogenous picture with various morphological changes similar to MCI in other diseases. This review highlights the essential epidemiological, clinical, neuroimaging and morphological changes in PD-MCI, available biomarkers, and discusses the heterogenous pathobiological mechanisms involved in its development. In view of its complex pathogenesis, well-designed longitudinal clinico-pathological studies are warranted to clarify the alterations leading to MCI in PD, which may be supported by fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers as a basis for early diagnosis and future adequate treatment modalities of this debilitating disorder.

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The role of immune and inflammatory-related indicators in cognitive dysfunction and disease severity in patients with parkinson’s disease

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Differentiation and regulation of CD4+ T cell subsets in Parkinson’s disease

Differentiation and regulation of CD4+ T cell subsets in Parkinson’s disease

Application of Sequential Butylphthalide Therapy Combined with Urinary Kallidinogenase in Treating Acute Cerebral Infarction Complicated with Cognitive Dysfunction

Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: current view

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