The Role of Immune Response and Microbiota on Campylobacteriosis

Abstract

Million cases of campylobacteriosis and complications of post-Campylobacter jejuni infection occur every year around the world with huge life losses and economic burdens of billions of dollars. Few therapy options, such as antibiotics, are available to relieve severe cases of the enteritis. The slow progression on new intervention discovery and application is partially resulted from limited mechanistic understanding on campylobacteriosis pathogenesis. As a type of intestinal disorders, campylobacteriosis shares many common features with other intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and Clostridium difficile infection. In pace with the advancement of the gastroenterology field, a large body of knowledge is accumulating on the factors influencing campylobacteriosis onset, development, and outcomes, including host immune response, intestinal microbiota, and its metabolites. In this chapter, we review the intestinal immune system, intestinal microbiome, and microbiome modulation of inflammation in the development of campylobacteriosis. The interplay between immunity, microbiota, and its metabolites may play essential roles on campylobacteriosis pathogenesis and the finding on the interaction may lead to new prevention and treatment options. The purpose of this chapter is to provide updated knowledge on the role of host–microbe interaction and the therapeutic potential on campylobacteriosis.

Animal and In Vitro Models as Powerful Tools to Decipher the Effects of Enteric Pathogens on the Human Gut Microbiota

“…Campylobacter jejuni is a slim, spiral-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium recognized as one of the most common foodborne pathogens in the world, especially in developed countries [ 83 , 84 ]. According to the recent 2021 zoonoses report of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), campylobacteriosis ranks first among foodborne gastrointestinal infections in Europe, with a total of 127,840 notified cases in 2021 alone [ 85 ].…”

“…According to the recent 2021 zoonoses report of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), campylobacteriosis ranks first among foodborne gastrointestinal infections in Europe, with a total of 127,840 notified cases in 2021 alone [ 85 ]. The food vehicle often implicated in the transmission of zoonotic campylobacteriosis to humans is contaminated poultry meat [ 84 ]. In fact, it is very common for chickens, turkeys, and other avian species to asymptomatically harbor in their intestine a large number of C. jejuni , which can accidentally cross-contaminate meats intended for human consumption [ 86 ].…”