The Role of Incarceration and Reentry on Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Formerly Incarcerated Black and Hispanic-Latino Men in New York City

Cortes, Aníbal; Villagra, Cristina; Martinez, Suky; Patel, Vir; Jandorf, Lina

doi:10.1007/s13187-016-1141-z

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Despite increased incidence of smoking, hepatitis C and alcoholism, appropriate screenings for hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer or colorectal cancer are not always performed according to national and international guidelines in the IP population [5]. Multiple reasons for decreased screenings among patients who are currently or previously incarcerated have been suggested, including poorer connection with primary care resources, lack of availability while incarcerated and following incarceration due to systemic barriers patients who were previously incarcerated also face [22,23]. Regarding patients who are currently incarcerated, a recent study of the incarcerated population in Ontario, Canada showed these patients are more likely to be overdue for breast and colorectal cancer screening [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer stage at presentation for incarcerated patients at a single urban tertiary care center

et al. 2020

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Patients who are incarcerated are a vulnerable patient population and may suffer from less access to routine cancer screenings compared to their non-incarcerated counterparts. Therefore, a thorough evaluation of potential differences in cancer diagnosis staging is needed. We sought to examine whether there are differences in cancer stage at initial diagnosis between non-incarcerated and incarcerated patients by pursuing a retrospective chart review from 2010-2017 for all patients who were newly diagnosed with cancer at an urban safety net hospital. Incarceration status was determined by insurance status. Our primary outcome was incarceration status at time of initial cancer diagnosis. Overall, patients who were incarcerated presented at a later cancer stage for all cancer types compared to the non-incarcerated (+.14 T stage, p = .033; +.23 N stage, p < .001). Incarcerated patients were diagnosed at later stages for colorectal (+0.93 T stage, p < .001; +.48 N stage, p < .001), oropharyngeal (+0.37 N stage, p = .003), lung (+0.60 N stage, p = .018), skin (+0.59 N stage, p = 0.014), and screenable cancers (colorectal, prostate, lung) as a whole (+0.23 T stage, p = 0.002; +0.17 N stage, p = 0.008). Incarcerated patients may benefit from more structured screening protocols in order to improve the stage at presentation for certain malignancies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer stage at presentation for incarcerated patients at a single urban tertiary care center

et al. 2020

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“…Additionally, though correctional systems are constitutionally required to provide health care to individuals under their custody, institutional policies such as co‐pays may deter individuals from seeking care 30 . Also, mistrust in the health system, competing social needs with a lesser priority on health care and delays in seeking care could contribute to the observed lower incidence of screen‐detectable cancer in the immediate postrelease period 31,32 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 Also, mistrust in the health system, competing social needs with a lesser priority on health care and delays in seeking care could contribute to the observed lower incidence of screendetectable cancer in the immediate postrelease period. 31,32 The incidence of screen-detectable cancers was higher in non-Hispanic Black persons compared with non-Hispanic White persons in the general population. This pattern of disparity persisted in the justice-involved population, with non-Hispanic Black populations having a higher incidence of screen-detectable cancer compared with non-Hispanic White populations, despite the observed lower incidence of screen-detectable cancers in this group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer incidence among incarcerated and formerly incarcerated individuals: A statewide retrospective cohort study

et al. 2023

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BackgroundCancer incidence among individuals with incarceration exposure has been rarely studied due to the absence of linked datasets. This study examined cancer incidence during incarceration and postincarceration compared to the general population using a statewide linked cohort.MethodsWe constructed a retrospective cohort from a linkage of state tumor registry and correctional system data for Connecticut residents from 2005 to 2016, and identified cancers diagnosed during and within 12 months postincarceration. We estimated incidence rates (including for screen‐detectable cancers) and calculated the standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for the incarcerated and recently released populations, relative to the general population. We also examined cancer incidence by race and ethnicity within each group.ResultsCancer incidence was lower in incarcerated individuals (SIR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.56–0.72), but higher in recently released individuals (SIR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.23–1.47) compared with the general population, and across all race and ethnic strata. Similarly, nonscreen‐detectable cancer incidence was lower in incarcerated and higher in recently released populations compared to the general population. However, non‐Hispanic Black individuals had elevated incidence of screen‐detectable cancers compared with non‐Hispanic White individuals across all three populations (incarcerated, SIR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.03–2.53; recently released, SIR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.32–2.47; and general population, SIR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.16–1.21).ConclusionCompared with the general population, incarcerated persons have a lower cancer incidence, whereas recently released persons have a higher cancer incidence. Irrespective of incarceration status, non‐Hispanic Black individuals have a higher incidence of screen‐detectable cancers compared with non‐Hispanic White individuals. Supplemental studies examining cancer screening and diagnoses during incarceration are needed to discern the reasons for observed disparities in incidence.

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“…Because FITs are less prone than guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests to picking up nonhuman blood, FITs do not require dietary adjustment, 24 and wardens were willing to allow their distribution for completion in cells or bathrooms because the kit components presented no security risk. Finally, all health care procedures in the correctional setting should take into account that in this vulnerable population, any invasive procedure can be seen as threatening or traumatic 25 ; FITs are valuable in that respect as well.…”

Section: Lessons Learnedmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Correctional–Public Health Collaboration for Colorectal Cancer Screening in a State Prison System

Dumont

Davis²,

Sadacharan

et al. 2021

Public Health Rep

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Correctional facilities provide health care to large numbers of medically underserved people. As such, preventive health in correctional settings is an important yet underused investment in public health. Because they often have histories of poor access to health care, the justice-involved population is more likely than the general population to be diagnosed with advanced-stage cancers. We report on the first 2 years of an ongoing collaboration between a state correctional system and state health department to implement annual colorectal cancer screening for sentenced people using fecal immunochemical testing (FIT). Preparation for the annual iterations begins in January, and patient engagement begins in March. In the first year of implementation (2018), 1396 of 1856 (75.2%) sentenced people completed an eligibility screen, and 254 of 321 (79.1%) eligible patients completed a FIT (eligible patients were aged ≥50 [≥45 if Black] in year 1 [lowered to ≥45 in year 2] and reported no previous relevant medical or family history of colorectal cancer); 54 (21.3%) completed FITs were positive. Of the 54 patients with positive FITS, 33 (61.1%) completed follow-up colonoscopies resulting in the identification of polyps in 26 (48.1%) patients with a positive FIT. We found invasive adenocarcinoma for 2 (3.7%) of the positive FITs (6.1% of colonoscopies performed). In the second year (2019), after a conversion from paper to tablet-based eligibility screening, 1707 of 2059 (82.9%) sentenced people completed an eligibility screen, and 200 of 285 (70.2%) eligible patients completed a FIT, 27 (13.5%) of whom had a positive result. We share lessons learned about implementing mass screening to encourage further communication among departments of health and corrections to advance preventive health.

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The Role of Incarceration and Reentry on Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Formerly Incarcerated Black and Hispanic-Latino Men in New York City

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Cancer stage at presentation for incarcerated patients at a single urban tertiary care center

Cancer stage at presentation for incarcerated patients at a single urban tertiary care center

Cancer incidence among incarcerated and formerly incarcerated individuals: A statewide retrospective cohort study

A Correctional–Public Health Collaboration for Colorectal Cancer Screening in a State Prison System

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