The Role of Infections in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases

Samarkos, Michael; Vaiopoulos, George

doi:10.2174/1568010053622821

Cited by 55 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…One possible pathway recently proposed in the production of ANAs in SSc and other autoimmune diseases is molecular mimicry (48) in which persistent viral infection has been proposed as the causative event (49). Also Saito et al (50) have suggested that B cells link the production of autoantibodies and fibrosis in the Tsk1/ϩ mouse through a CD-19-dependent pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of Autoimmunity in the Tight Skin-2 Mouse: A Model for Scleroderma

Gentiletti

McCloskey

Artlett

et al. 2005

The Journal of Immunology

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The tight skin-2 (Tsk2/+) mouse has been proposed as an animal model of systemic sclerosis (SSc) because this animal exhibits increased collagen synthesis and accumulation in the dermis. The Tsk2/+ mouse also has been reported to have a mononuclear cell infiltrate in the dermis; however, to date no evidence of autoimmunity has been described in this animal model. We report here that Tsk2/+ mice harbor numerous autoantibodies in their plasma including some, which are similar to those, present in SSc patients. Immunofluorescence with HEp-2 cells revealed the presence of anti-nuclear Abs (ANAs) in the plasma of 92% of the Tsk2/+ mice. In contrast, <5% of cage-mated CAST/ei mice had a positive ANA and none of the C3H/HeJ age-matched controls were positive. Homogenous, speckled, rim, nucleolar, centromere as well as combinations of these patterns were observed. The proportion of Tsk2/+ animals with a positive ANA increased slightly with age. ELISAs showed that 93% of the Tsk2/+ animals were positive for anti-Scl70, 82% for anti-centromere, 5% for anti-RNP/Sm, and none were positive for anti-RNA-polymerase II Abs. Indirect immunofluorescence with Crithidia luciliae and ELISA for anti-dsDNA Abs showed that 76% of Tsk2/+ mice were positive for this autoantibody. The high frequency of anti-Scl70 and anti-centromere autoantibodies indicates that Tsk2/+ mice display some humoral immune alterations which are similar to those found in patients with SSc. However, the Tsk2/+ mice also develop autoantibodies to dsDNA and a majority of the mice develop multiple autoantibody specificities (anti-Scl70, anti-CENP-B, and anti-dsDNA) indicating that the mouse may be a useful model to study autoimmunity in a wider spectrum of connective tissue diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of Autoimmunity in the Tight Skin-2 Mouse: A Model for Scleroderma

Gentiletti

McCloskey

Artlett

et al. 2005

The Journal of Immunology

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“…Various infectious micro organisms such as bacteria, viruses, helminthes and fungi are associated with vasculitic syndromes. While staph aureus infections have already been linked to Wegener's granulomatosis (Popa et al 2002;Popa et al 2003) and Henoch-Schonlein purpura (Eftychiou et al 2006;Samarkos and Vaiopoulos, 2005) coagulase negative staph to the best of our knowledge had only once been reported to cause a cutaneous small vessel vasculitis (Cantwell and Kelso, 1982) in a severely immunocompromised patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Skin Infection by Coagulase Negative Staphylococci as a Potential Triggering Factor for Cutaneous Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis

Thonhofer¹,

Trummer²,

Siegel³

et al. 2008

Clinical medicine. Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders

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“…A chronic form of this illness may present with progressive symptoms and result in chronic infl ammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) [7,8]. GBS is usually a post-infectious disorder occurring outside the context of pre-existing disease, and represents a model for post-infectious autoimmune disorders [9]. The criteria for a diagnosis of GBS are summarized on clinical features, lumbar puncture, nerve conduction studies, magnetic resonance imaging, and serum antibodies [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uses of Intravenous Immunoglobulin: A 13-Year Evaluation of Guillain–Barré Syndrome in Fez, Morocco

Hilali¹,

Hilali²,

Belahsen³

et al. 2017

J Biol Med

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Plasma-derived medicines in Morocco have been of great demand, and often on a short supply. Moroccan Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) formulation is still using sugar as stabilizer, while some other industries are discontinuing sugar and currently using amino acid as stabilizer. This is due to the fact that amino acid is rapidly metabolized/cleared from the blood circulation and has fewer adverse effects. The term Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) defi nes a recognizable clinical entity that is characterized by rapidly evolving symmetrical limb weakness, loss of tendon refl exes, absent or mild sensory signs, and variable autonomic dysfunction. Few studies have been conducted to investigate the use of IVIG products for GBS in Morocco. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of IVIG and its adverse effects in Moroccan hospital. This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the demographic and clinical features in 74 patients with GBS, and to assess the use of IVIG in these patients at University Hospital Hassan II of Fez -Neurology Department from 2003 to 2015. Forty-seven (64 %) male and 27 (36 %) female cases were studied, among whom nine patients had an infection. Eighty eight 88% of total patients had GBS and 12% had chronic infl ammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Among the 74 patients, 14 % patients showed spontaneous recovery. Twenty eight % of total patients received corticosteroid therapy, 1% of patients underwent Plasma Exchange (PE), 18% (13 patients) received IVIG. Among the 18% that received IVIG, 1 out of 13 patients developed symptoms of hypersensitivity, including fever and chills. Since the use of IVIG resulted in only 1 out 13 patients developed symptoms of hypersensitivity, we concluded that IVIG therapy had a better outcome. IVIG therapy provides patients with GBS, a safer and effective alternative to standard therapies.

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The Role of Infections in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases

Cited by 55 publications

References 66 publications

Demonstration of Autoimmunity in the Tight Skin-2 Mouse: A Model for Scleroderma

Demonstration of Autoimmunity in the Tight Skin-2 Mouse: A Model for Scleroderma

Skin Infection by Coagulase Negative Staphylococci as a Potential Triggering Factor for Cutaneous Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis

Uses of Intravenous Immunoglobulin: A 13-Year Evaluation of Guillain–Barré Syndrome in Fez, Morocco

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