The role of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) proteins in the modulation of NF-κB pathway during IHNV infection

Immunity induced by recombinant attenuated IHNV (infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus)‐GN438A expresses VP2 gene‐encoded IPNV (infectious pancreatic necrosis virus) against both pathogens in rainbow trout

“…In the present study, the replication kinetics of the recombinant virus in CHSE-214 cells was very similar to that of wtIHNV HLJ-09; (Biacchesi et al, 2000;Thoulouze et al, 2004), which is consistent with previous research that the suppression of NV protein on NF-kB pathway is also important, which may partially suppress host innate immunity and benefit virus replication (Wu et al, 2017 F I G U R E 9 Specific IgM antibody titres in vaccinated rainbow trout sera against the IHNV (a) and the IPNV (b). After inoculation with the recombinant viruses, the serum of rainbow trout was collected, and the levels of the specific IgM antibodies in the serum were measured by indirect ELISA.…”

“…In the present study, the replication kinetics of the recombinant virus in CHSE‐214 cells was very similar to that of wtIHNV HLJ‐09; however, the final titres of the recombinant virus were lower than those of the parent virus (Choi et al, ). The ability of viral replication may be related to the size of the exogenous replacement gene or the absence of the NV gene, and Thoulouze et al proved the virus titre of infectious rIHNV produced per cell was indeed strongly reduced by NV deletion, which further proofs that the NV protein plays an important role in viral replication and the virus titre of infectious rIHNV produced per cell was indeed strongly reduced by NV deletion (Biacchesi et al, ; Thoulouze et al, ), which is consistent with previous research that the suppression of NV protein on NF‐kB pathway is also important, which may partially suppress host innate immunity and benefit virus replication (Wu et al, ). Furthermore, the relative per cent survival rates of the two recombinant viruses against (wt) IHNV HLJ‐09 virus challenge were 84.6% and 81.5%, respectively.…”

“…Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐conjugated goat anti‐rabbit IgG, tetraethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)‐conjugated goat anti‐mouse IgG, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐conjugated goat anti‐rabbit IgG antibodies and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐conjugated goat anti‐mouse IgG antibodies were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). Mouse anti‐β‐actin was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA) (Wu et al, ).…”

“…The IHNV has a negative‐sense, single‐stranded RNA genome of approximately 11 kilobases (kb), which encodes six proteins, including a nucleoprotein (N), a polymerase‐associated phosphoprotein (P), a matrix protein (M), a unique glycoprotein (G), a large RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (L) and a short gene located between the G and L genes that encodes a non‐structural non‐virion (NV) protein, which is a specific feature of Novirhabdoviruses (Morzunov, Winton, & Nichol, ). Researches about the function of NV have demonstrated that NV gene plays an important role in the viral replication and modulation of viral pathogenicity (Wu et al, ). Moreover, Thoulouze et al demonstrated that a recombinant IHNV in which the NV gene was deleted and replaced with a reporter gene was viable and was highly attenuated in a rainbow trout, compared to wild‐type IHNV (Thoulouze, Bouguyon, Carpentier, & Brémont, ).…”

Sockeye salmon demonstrate robust yet distinct transcriptomic kidney responses to rhabdovirus (IHNV) exposure and infection

“…Like all Rhabdoviruses, the IHNV genome (11 KB) consists of a negative-sense singlestranded RNA transcript which encodes a nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M) glycoprotein (G) and a large RNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein (L) [ 5]. Specific to the aquatic Novirhabdoviruses, the IHNV genome additionally encodes a sixth non-virion protein (Nv) believed to function as a host immune suppressor [ 6,7]. IHNV enters fish through the fin bases, gill or oral/gastrointestinal tract [ 8,9], disseminates through the circulatory system to virtually all bodily organs with highest loads developing in the anterior kidney (also called the head kidney or pronephros; hereafter referred to simply as kidney) and spleen [ 8,10].…”