The role of infochemicals in the interaction between cassava green mite and its fungal pathogen Neozygites tanajoae

Hountondji, Fabien C. C.; Sabelis, Maurice W.; Hanna, Rachid

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9837-5_40

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For example, Brown et al [ 28 ] reported that the germination of conidia of the entomophthoralean pathogen Pandora neoaphidis was inhibited by HIPVs induced by tobacco aphids feeding on tobacco plants. Hountondji et al [ 29 ] demonstrated that HIPVs induced from cassava by the cassava green mite Mononychellus tanajoa influence conidia and capilliconidia production of the fungal entomophthoralean, Neozygites tanajoae . Few studies have investigated the effect of HIPVs or VOCs on Hypocreales [ 25 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatiles from Plants Induced by Multiple Aphid Attacks Promote Conidial Performance of Lecanicillium lecanii

et al. 2016

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Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are clues that help predatory insects search for food. The hypothesis that entomopathogenic fungi, which protect plants, benefit from the release of HIPVs was tested. The plant Arabidopsis thaliana was used as the source of HIPVs. The insect herbivore Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) was used as the inducer, and the fungal pathogen of the aphid Lecanicillium lecanii was exposed to HIPVs to test our hypothesis. When exposed to aphid-induced A. thaliana volatiles, the mortality of aphids pre-treated with a conidial suspension of L. lecanii, the conidial germination and the appressorial formation were significantly increased compared with the control. The decan-3-ol and 4-methylpentyl isothiocyanate that were detected in the headspace seemed to have positive and negative affection, respectively. Moreover, HIPVs generated from groups of eight aphids per plant promoted significantly increased conidial germination and appressorial formation compared with HIPVs from groups of one, two and four aphids per plant. Our results demonstrated that the pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic fungus L. lecanii was enhanced when exposed to HIPVs and that the HIPVs were affected by the number of insect herbivores that induced them.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatiles from Plants Induced by Multiple Aphid Attacks Promote Conidial Performance of Lecanicillium lecanii

et al. 2016

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“…It is therefore likely that the males in our experiment did get into physical contact with spores and only then lost their preference towards female cadavers. Hountondji et al (2009) found that the cassava green mite M. tanajoa avoided spores of N. tanajoae, but were indifferent to non-sporulating cadavers of conspecifics. They called this ability of the pathogen to hide (not being repellent) until sporulation 'Trojan horse behaviour', acting to spread the disease into unsuspecting host colonies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Categories such as avoidance and indifference are rarely clear-cut, however, as there will be differences among individuals and through pathogenic development (Moore, 2013). Hountondji et al (2009) discovered that cassava green mites, Mononychellus tanajoa (Acari: Tetranychidae), were indifferent to conspecifics killed by the mite-pathogenic fungus Neozygites tanajoae (Entomophthoromycota: Neozygitaceae) as long as no spores were produced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fatal attraction: Male spider mites prefer females killed by the mite-pathogenic fungus Neozygites floridana

Trandem

Bhattarai

Westrum

et al. 2015

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Exploring prospective mates can be risky. Males of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae approach and guard immobile (quiescent) female nymphs to increase their chances of fathering offspring, this being a first-male sperm priority species. We investigated the behaviour of male T. urticae towards females killed by the mite pathogenic fungus Neozygites floridana, letting them choose between a fungal killed and a healthy quiescent female. The dead female (called cadaver) was in one of three stages: (1) non-sporulating; (2) sporulating with primary conidia (non-infective); (3) surrounded/partly covered by secondary capilliconidia (infective). When the cadaver was in stage 1 or 2, males were significantly more often observed near the cadaver than near the healthy female. When the cadaver was in stage 3 (infective capilliconidia), males preferred the vicinity of healthy females. The frequency of two male behaviours, touching and guarding, was also recorded. Touching the cadaver tended to decrease as cadaver developed, whereas touching the healthy females increased. Guarding of non-sporulating cadavers and healthy females was equally common, while guarding of sporulating cadavers was only observed once (stage 2) or not at all (stage 3). To differentiate between the effect of fungal infection and sex, we also let males choose between a non-sporulating cadaver of each sex. Males then preferred to approach the female cadaver. Touching behaviour followed the same pattern, and guarding of male cadavers was not observed. Our results indicate that T. urticae males are more attracted to non-infective female cadavers than to healthy females, only detecting their mistake when very close. Moreover, males approach and explore cadavers surrounded by infective conidia. Whether the results of host manipulation by the pathogen or just sensory constraints in the host, this inability to detect unsuitable and indeed infective mates promotes transmission of the pathogen.

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“…For example, some species are obligate parasites and have low conidial formation, limiting the inoculum production; and their hyphal bodies are fragile; these characteristics make it difficult to formulate. Additionally these species requires a long establishment period when they are used on pre-infected mites to inoculate a field ( Chandler et al, 2000 ; Hountondji, Sabelis & Hanna, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High susceptibility of Tetranychus merganser (Acari: Tetranychidae), an emergent pest of the tropical crop Carica papaya, towards Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. and Beauveria bassiana strains

Alfaro-Valle

Martínez-Hernández

Otero-Colina

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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Background The mite Tetranychus merganser is considered to be an emerging pest of various crops in tropical countries. It is one of the most detrimental pests in the papaya orchards of some regions of México. The current field control of Tetranychus spp. involves the extensive use of chemicals that have some degree of toxicity to humans or the environment and may cause selective resistance. The use of biological alternatives such as parasitoids and mite predators have limited effectiveness. In order to find effective but non-toxic alternatives for mite pest management, bio-products that are able to be mass produced and applied to large production areas have been sought, including the entomopathogen fungi. B. bassiana and M. anisopliae s.l. are the fungi most extensively used for the biological control of insect pests. Although they do not cause natural epizootic diseases in mites, there are reports that show that they infect T. urticae, and should be evaluated for use in the biological control of papaya’s mite pests. Methods A T. merganser colony was established and the susceptibility of adult females to 30 entomopathogenic fungi strains was evaluated under laboratory conditions with an in vitro mass screening bioassay. Ten strains of Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.), eleven of Beauveria bassiana, nine of Lecanicillium sp. and one of Hirsutella thompsonii var. sinematosa were tested. The infectivity of adult females was evaluated calculating the percentage of mortality. To calculate the LC50 and LT50 of the most virulent strains, a bioassay was performed using serial concentrations (1×104–1×108 conidia/mL) for each strain. Strains showing ability to infect eggs laid were evaluated with a novel egg-infectivity bioassay. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the more lethal strains were sequenced. Results T. merganser and T. urticae were found in orchards of Carica papaya (Maradol variety and Tainung hybrid) in Campeche, México. All tested strains of M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana were infectious to the adult female of T. merganser at a concentration of 1×108 conidia/mL. Six strains of M. anisopliae (Ma002, Ma003, Ma004, Ma005, Ma014 and Ma034) caused 100% mortality, and one of B. bassiana (Bb016) caused 95% mortality. The most virulent was Ma034, with an LC50 of 1.73×106 conidia/mL followed by Ma005 and Ma003. Ma005 and Ma034 were the fastest strains to reach LT50,achieving this in less than 3.7 days. Additionally, Ma034 and Ma014 strains were infectious to more than 70% of the eggs. Conclusions T. merganser and T. urticae are present in the papaya orchards of Campeche, México. The high susceptibility of T. merganser adult females and eggs toward several M. anisopliae s.l. or B. bassiana strains suggests that these fungi are a viable alternative to control this emergent pest. The most virulent strain, Ma034, was also infective to eggs, and is the most promising to be tested in the field.

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The role of infochemicals in the interaction between cassava green mite and its fungal pathogen Neozygites tanajoae

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Volatiles from Plants Induced by Multiple Aphid Attacks Promote Conidial Performance of Lecanicillium lecanii

Volatiles from Plants Induced by Multiple Aphid Attacks Promote Conidial Performance of Lecanicillium lecanii

Fatal attraction: Male spider mites prefer females killed by the mite-pathogenic fungus Neozygites floridana

High susceptibility of Tetranychus merganser (Acari: Tetranychidae), an emergent pest of the tropical crop Carica papaya, towards Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. and Beauveria bassiana strains

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