The role of innate immunity in occupational allergy: recent findings

Sigsgaard, Torben; Hoffmann, Hans Jürgen; Thorne, Peter S.

doi:10.1097/aci.0b013e3282f82492

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide present in the outer membrane of Gram‐negative bacteria, and fungal glucans are polysaccharide components of the fungal cell. Bioaerosols can act as pathogen‐associated molecular patterns, or in some cases allergens, to trigger immune responses leading to upper and lower airway irritation and inflammation (Sigsgaard et al., 2008). Organic dust toxic syndrome occurs after exposure to high levels of organic dust and manifests as flu‐like symptoms (malaise, cough, headache, nausea, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of airborne exposures and health in flooded homes undergoing renovation

et al. 2012

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In June 2008, the Cedar River crested flooding more than 5,000 Cedar Rapids homes. Residents whose homes were flooded were invited to participate in this study. Household assessments and resident interviews were conducted between November 2008 and April 2009. We characterized exposures and symptoms experienced by individuals inhabiting 73 flood-damaged homes. Active air sampling and passive electrostatic dust collectors were used to assess exposures to: culturable mold, culturable bacteria, fungal spores, inhalable particulate matter (iPM), endotoxin, glucans, allergens, lead, asbestos, radon, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Wall moisture levels and relative humidity were also measured. Exposures and questionnaire-based health assessments were compared at two levels of remediation, in-progress and completed. Homes with remediation in-progress (n=24), as compared to the completed homes (n=49), had significantly higher airborne concentrations of mold, bacteria, iPM, endotoxin and glucan. Residents of in-progress homes had a significantly higher prevalence of doctor diagnosed allergies (adjusted OR=3.08; 95%CI: 1.05–9.02) and all residents had elevated prevalence of self-reported wheeze (adjusted OR=3.77; 95%CI: 2.06–6.92) and prescription medication use for breathing problems (adjusted OR=1.38; 95%CI: 1.01–1.88) after the flood as compared to before. Proper post-flood remediation led to improved air quality and lower exposures among residents living in flooded homes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of airborne exposures and health in flooded homes undergoing renovation

et al. 2012

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“…As a microorganism-associated molecular pattern (MAMP), endotoxin is recognized by the innate immune system through an evolutionarily conserved pathway. Endotoxin recognition and signal amplification occur through a series of endotoxin–protein and protein–protein interactions leading to activation of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), with resulting inflammation (Sigsgaard et al 2008). Key molecules for the endotoxin recognition pathway include lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, CD14, and MD-2 (Hađina et al 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

Predictors of Endotoxin Levels in U.S. Housing

Thorne

Cohn²,

Mav³

et al. 2009

Environ Health Perspect

113

143

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BackgroundThe relationship of domestic endotoxin exposure to allergy and asthma has been widely investigated. However, few studies have evaluated predictors of household endotoxin, and none have done so for multiple locations within homes and on a national scale.ObjectivesWe assayed 2,552 house dust samples in a nationwide study to understand the predictors of household endotoxin in bedroom floors, family room floors, beds, kitchen floors, and family room sofas.MethodsReservoir house dust from five locations within homes was assayed for endotoxin and demographic and housing information was assessed through questionnaire and onsite evaluation of 2,456 residents of 831 homes selected to represent national demographics. We performed repeated-measures analysis of variance (rANOVA) for 37 candidate variables to identify independent predictors of endotoxin. Meteorologic data were obtained for each primary sampling unit and tested as predictors of indoor endotoxin to determine if wetter or warmer microclimates were associated with higher endotoxin levels.ResultsWeighted geometric mean endotoxin concentration ranged from 18.7 to 80.5 endotoxin units (EU)/mg for the five sampling locations, and endotoxin load ranged from 4,160 to 19,500 EU/m2. Bivariate analyses and rANOVA demonstrated that major predictors of endotoxin concentration were sampling location in the home, census division, educational attainment, presence of children, current dog ownership, resident-described problems with cockroaches, food debris, cockroach stains, and evidence of smoking observed by field staff. Low household income entered the model if educational attainment was removed.ConclusionIncreased endotoxin in household reservoir dust is principally associated with poverty, people, pets, household cleanliness, and geography.

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“…LPS acts through an amplifying cascade of LPS-protein and protein-protein interactions via lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), cluster of differentiation 14 (CD-14) and MD-2 to activate toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4). This, in turn, activates cytokine gene-expression via NF-κB signaling (Sigsgaard et al 2008) and produces lung inflammation as evidenced by dose-dependent increases in lavage neutrophils and cytokines including IL-1β, TNFα, interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), and keratinocyte chemo attractant (KC) (Thorne et al 1999). This pathway is also important for adaptive immune responses to house dust mite aeroallergens (Trompette et al 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAMAM dendrimers as nano carriers to investigate inflammatory responses induced by pulmonary exposure of PCB metabolites in Sprague-Dawley rats

Wangpradit

Adamcakova‐Dodd

Heitz

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) persist and accumulate in the ecosystem depending upon the degree of chlorination of the biphenyl rings. Airborne PCBs are especially susceptible to oxidative metabolism, yielding mono- and di-hydroxy metabolites. We have previously demonstrated that 4-chlorobiphenyl hydroquinones (4-CB-HQs) acted as co-substrates for arachidonic acid metabolism by prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) and resulted in an increase of prostaglandin production in vitro. In the present study, we tested the capability of 4-CB-HQ to act as a co-substrate for PGHS catalysis in vivo. 4-CB-2′,5′-HQ and BQ were administered intratracheally to male Sprague-Dawley rats (2.5 μmol/kg body weight) using nanosized polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers as carriers. We found that 24 hr post application, PGE2 metabolites in kidney of rats treated with 4-CB-2′,5′-HQ were significantly increased compared to the controls. The increase of PGE2 metabolites was correlated with increased alveolar macrophages in lung lavage fluid. The elevation of PGE2 synthesis is of great interest since it plays a crucial role in balancing homeostasis and inflammation where a chronic disturbance may increase risk of cancer. PAMAM dentrimers proved to be an effective transport medium and did not stimulate an inflammatory response themselves.

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The role of innate immunity in occupational allergy: recent findings

Abstract: We are on the brink of understanding the complex nature and interaction of the pattern recognition receptors and the cellular events following their binding of ligands. Further elucidation of gene-environment interactions will probably lead to important discoveries in the near future.

Cited by 20 publications

References 48 publications

Assessment of airborne exposures and health in flooded homes undergoing renovation

Assessment of airborne exposures and health in flooded homes undergoing renovation

Predictors of Endotoxin Levels in U.S. Housing

PAMAM dendrimers as nano carriers to investigate inflammatory responses induced by pulmonary exposure of PCB metabolites in Sprague-Dawley rats

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