The role of inorganic sulfur compounds in the pyrolysis of Kraft lignin

Dondi, Daniele; Zeffiro, Alberto; Speltini, Andrea; Tomasi, Corrado; Vadivel, Dhanalakshmi; Buttafava, A.

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2014.02.002

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Fast pyrolysis, a thermochemical process that converts biomass into a useful liquid product, is currently of particular interest for fuel and chemical production [9]. The valorization of technical lignins such as acid-extracted and Organosolv lignins are often considered due to their low sulfur content [10], [11], being a perfect candidate for the establishment of a cleaner valorization process. Previous works have proved the viability and feasibility of converting these lignins into a value-added chemicals source by showing the occurrence of high-value components (e.g., hydroxyacetaldehyde, acids, and phenolic monomers) in fast pyrolysis bio-oil obtained from Acetosolv or Kraft lignin [12], or Organosolv lignin [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast pyrolysis of lignin-coated radiata pine

Moore

Park

Segura³

et al. 2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast pyrolysis of lignin-coated radiata pine

Moore

Park

Segura³

et al. 2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Lignin in general contains 2 to 3% sulfur after its kraft pulping process [46], but, kraft lignin used in this experiment contained less than 0.1% sulfur because the intensive acid purification step was applied in its production process. During a depolymerization process of lignin, sulfur is released in gas phases as dimethylsulfide (CH 3 SCH 3 ), sulfur vapor, carbon disulfide (CS 2 ), carbonyl sulfide (COS), and/or hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) [47].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Decomposition of Kraft Lignin under Gas Atmospheres of Argon, Hydrogen, and Carbon Dioxide

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2018

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The behaviors of thermal decomposition of kraft lignin under three different gases (Ar, CO 2 , or H 2 ) were analyzed and compared using a temperature-programmed decomposition-mass spectrometry (TPD-MS) system. Experimental results indicated that Ar atmosphere produced the highest yield of solid chars, while H 2 atmosphere generated the highest yield of liquids and CO 2 atmosphere had the highest yield of gases. TPD-MS results showed that H 2 atmosphere was consumed at the temperature range from 205 to 810 • C and CO 2 atmosphere was consumed at the temperature range from 185 to 1000 • C. The H 2 promoted the cleavage of lignin side chains and significantly enhanced the formation of CH 4 , C 6 H 6 , HCHO, C 6 H 5 OH, CH 3 OH, and tars. The percentages of water in produced liquids were 90.1%, 85.3%, and 95.5% for Ar, H 2 , and CO 2 as atmosphere, respectively. The H 2 yielded more organic chemicals in produced liquids compared to the other two gases. The observed organic chemicals were mainly acetic acid, phenols, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, and esters. BET surface areas of solid products were 11.3, 98.5, and 183.9 m 2 /g for Ar., H 2 , and CO 2 as the atmosphere, respectively. C-H-O-N-S elemental and morphology analyses on solid products indicated that the lowest carbon content and the highest oxygen content were obtained if Ar atmosphere was used, while H 2 and CO 2 yielded more carbon in final solid products. Solid products obtained under CO 2 or H 2 atmosphere contained sphere-shaped nanoparticles.

show abstract

“…The quantity of sulfate in ash was 44 wt.%. Titration with a standard HCl solution showed an equivalent point at 0.026 meq of H + ions for 100 mg of lignin [35]. Characterization of the lignin is available elsewhere [13,19].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evonik P25 titania is a nanosized photocatalyst consisting of the anatase and rutile polymorphs, together with some amorphous phase. Kraft lignin was selected as the carbon source since its pyrolysis produces pyrolytic carbonaceous residues [35,36]. Taking into account that above a pyrolysis temperature of 600 • C the fraction of the anatase phase in P25 TiO 2 is converted into rutile, all pyrolysis experiments were carried out at or below this temperature so as not to influence the photocatalytic activity of this metal oxide, as rutile TiO 2 is well-known to be less photoactive than anatase TiO 2 .…”

Section: X-ray Powder Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolytic Formation of TiO2/Carbon Nanocomposite from Kraft Lignin: Characterization and Photoactivities

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article reports on the formation of pyrolytic carbon/TiO 2 nanocomposite (p-C/TiO 2 ) by pyrolysis of a mixture of the P25 TiO 2 and kraft lignin at 600 • C. The result was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry (EPR), thermogravimetry (TGA) and SEM microscopy. Its photocatalytic activity was ascertained using three classes of chemical probes, namely (i) degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine-B (RhB) dyes in UV light-irradiated aqueous suspensions, (ii) depletion of phenol and (iii) degradation of antibiotics. The p-C/TiO 2 nanocomposite is a strong phisisorbent of both MB and RhB nearly twofold with respect to neat TiO 2 . Although it is nearly twofold more photoactive toward the degradation of MB (0.091 min −1 versus 0.047 min −1 ), it is not with regard to RhB degradation (0.064 min −1 versus 0.060 min −1 ). For the degradation of phenol in aqueous media (pH 3), pristine TiO 2 was far more effective than p-C/TiO 2 for oxygenated suspensions (17.6 × 10 −3 mM min −1 versus 4.3 × 10 −3 mM min −1 ). Under an argon atmosphere, the kinetics were otherwise identical. The activity of the material was tested also for a real application in the degradation of a fluoroquinolone antibiotic such as enrofloxacin (ENR) in tap water. It is evident that the photoactivity of a semiconductor photocatalyst is not a constant, but it does depend on the nature of the substrate used and on the experimental conditions. It is also argued that the use of dyes to assess photocatalytic activities when suspensions are subjected to visible light irradiation is to be discouraged as the dyes act as electron transfer photosensitizers and or can undergo photodegradation from their excited states.

show abstract

The role of inorganic sulfur compounds in the pyrolysis of Kraft lignin

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

Fast pyrolysis of lignin-coated radiata pine

Fast pyrolysis of lignin-coated radiata pine

Thermal Decomposition of Kraft Lignin under Gas Atmospheres of Argon, Hydrogen, and Carbon Dioxide

Pyrolytic Formation of TiO2/Carbon Nanocomposite from Kraft Lignin: Characterization and Photoactivities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About