The role of insects in the dynamics of cone production of red pine

Mattson, William J.

doi:10.1007/bf00348117

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…All variables were arcsin-transformed prior to analyses. Both linear regression analyses were signi®cant (P << 0.05); n 24 in each analysis sults have been shown from other studies of an insect largely dependent on a single plant species as a food resource (Edland 1971(Edland , 1974Mattson 1978;Silvertown 1980;Dempster and Pollard 1981;Solbreck and SilleÂ nTullberg 1986). Variation in fruit production was very important for the proportion of fruits attacked and seeds consumed.…”

Section: Fruiting Display and Predation Among Populationsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Fruit production in Sorbus aucuparia L. (Rosaceae) and pre-dispersal seed predation by the apple fruit moth ( Argyresthia conjugella Zell.)

Sperens

1997

Oecologia

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Variation in fruit production and pre-dispersal seed predation by Argyresthia conjugella was studied in␣four populations of Sorbus aucuparia in northern Sweden.␣The number of infructescences, fruits per infructescence, consumed seeds and developed unattacked seeds per fruit were scored in marked trees from 1984 to 1990. The results showed that the number of fruits produced in each population determined the number of seed predators occurring in the host population, as the yearly number of seed predators was significantly and positively correlated with yearly number of fruits, in all but one population. The seed predators showed a delay in response to variation in number of fruits produced. This lag in response resulted in a large proportion of fruits being attacked and seeds consumed in a bad fruiting year that followed a good fruiting year, and vice versa. The proportion of fruits attacked and seeds consumed was largest in the population showing the greatest between-year variation in fruit production and lowest in the population showing the lowest between-year variation in fruit production. Furthermore, the individuals within the former population were synchronised, while they were not in the latter population. These results contradict one of the possible explanations of mast-seeding, where large synchronised between-year variation is supposed to reduce pre-dispersal seed predation. Instead, differences in attraction of the seed predator to differences in fruit crop size could explain the observed difference in seed predation between the two populations with opposite fruiting patterns. Within each population, irrespective of year, the proportion of fruits attacked and seeds consumed was independent of a tree's fruiting display. Therefore, trees with high fruit production, despite harbouring the largest number of seed predators, produced the largest number of developed seeds in absolute numbers, compared to trees that produced few fruits.

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Section: Fruiting Display and Predation Among Populationsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Fruit production in Sorbus aucuparia L. (Rosaceae) and pre-dispersal seed predation by the apple fruit moth ( Argyresthia conjugella Zell.)

Sperens

1997

Oecologia

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“…1, the variance of log(TNS) equals the sum of the variances of the logtransformed independent variables plus twice the sum of their covariances, hence additivity is achieved and partitioning may be performed (see Mott 1966 for further details and justification on this method). A potential shortcoming of the logarithmic transformation, however, is that it will tend to cause a distortion of the original scale of measurement, and the degree of distortion will depend on the absolute values of original variables (Mattson 1978). The rescaling effected by the transformation will tend to underestimate the variance contributions of variables with comparatively large values on the original measurement scale, such as, in this case, number of inflorescences and number of flowers per inflorescence.…”

Section: Total Seed Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting Factors Responsible For Individual Variation in Plant Fecundity

Herrera¹

1991

Ecology

142

131

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Abstract. This paper analyses, on an individual plant basis, the various components determining seed production in the evergreen shrub Lavandula latifolia (Labiatae), in order to estimate their relative contributions to individual differences in fecundity. The relationships between fecundity and age, size, and growth rate are also examined. Experimental pollination and watering were done in an attempt to alter natural patterns of partial fecundity components. Fecundity of individual plants is partitioned into its absolute (number of inflorescences, number of flowers per inflorescence) and relative (fruits/flower and seeds/ fruit) partial components, and the following questions are addressed: (1) Are there individual differences in relative components of fecundity? (2) What are the proportional contributions of relative and absolute components of fecundity to individual variation in seed production? (3) Are relative measures of reproductive success reliable predictors of individual differences in fecundity? (4) When induced experimentally, do changes in partial fecundity components translate into modifications of the population's ranking of absolute fecundities?Fecundity depended more on plant size than age, was unrelated to growth rate, and was limited by water, but not pollen, availability. Individual plants differed in all components of fecundity examined, and differences were consistent among years. The proportional contributions of the various components to individual differences in fecundity were very unequal. Almost all variation among plants in seed production (-90% of variance) was explained by the variances and covariances of number of inflorescences and number of flowers per inflorescence. Variation among plants in the two relative components (fruit and seed set), even though statistically significant, had a negligible influence on individual differences in fecundity. These patterns remained invariant despite significant modification of flower production and fruit set induced by artificially watering a part of the study population. Fruit and seed set alone are unreliable indicators of individual differences in the maternal component of fitness in L. latifolia, and a review of relevant literature indicates that this probably applies to other polycarpic plants as well. Plant reproductive biology studies may make erroneous inferences if they consider exclusively data on relative fruit and seed set, and neglect the absolute components of individual differences in fecundity. It is proposed that, to circumvent these potential problems, demographic aspects and absolute estimates of seed output on a per individual basis should be examined in addition to the customarily employed fruit and seed set measures.Key words: fecundity components; flower production; fvuit set; individual variation; Lavandula latifolia; Mediterranean scrublands; plant demography; reproductive biology; seed production; size hierarchy; water limitation. contributions in Bentley and Elias 1983, Jones andRecent studies on plant reproductive ...

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“…Whereas genotypic variation in resistance to foliage-feeding insects on conifers has been reported (Wright et al 1975, Nielsen et al 2002, little is known about the genetic variation in resistance to cone-feeding insects on conifers. Mattson (1978) reports that genotype is an important factor in resistance to cone insects in pine. As of yet, we have no information on potential mechanisms of resistance of cone insects on Norway spruce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Bacillus thuringiensis Variety kurstaki × aizawai Applied to Spruce Flowers Reduced Dioryctria abietella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Infestation without Affecting Seed Quality

Glynn¹,

Weslien²

2004

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We investigated the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki x aizawai (Bt) on infestation levels of two lepidopteran insects as well as on seed quality in Norway spruce, Picea abies L. (Karst.) in central Sweden. Spruce flowers (female strobili) were sprayed with a 0.2% suspension (wt:wt) of the Bt preparation Turex 50 WP, 25,000 IU/mg in water. To expose even those lepidopteran larvae that feed exclusively embedded within the cone tissue, the Bt treatment was applied to open flowers, before they closed and developed into cones. The experimental design included three main factors: treatment (untreated control, water, or Bt), spruce genotype (three clones), and spraying time (spraying before, during, and after the phase of highest pollen receptivity). The Bt treatment reduced the proportion of cones infested by the cone worm Dioryctria abietella Den. et Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from approximately 30 to 15%. There was no statistically significant treatment effect on the infestation rate of Cydia strobilella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Bt variety kurstaki x aizawai treatment caused no reduction in seed quality as measured by seed weight or percentage of nonfilled seeds. There was no difference in number of seeds per cone between the Bt-treated and untreated control cones. There was a significant effect of genotype on insect infestation rates, as well as on number of seeds per cone and seed weight. Neither level of insect damage nor any seed quality parameters were affected by time of application of the treatments.

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The role of insects in the dynamics of cone production of red pine

Cited by 42 publications

References 29 publications

Fruit production in Sorbus aucuparia L. (Rosaceae) and pre-dispersal seed predation by the apple fruit moth ( Argyresthia conjugella Zell.)

Fruit production in Sorbus aucuparia L. (Rosaceae) and pre-dispersal seed predation by the apple fruit moth ( Argyresthia conjugella Zell.)

Dissecting Factors Responsible For Individual Variation in Plant Fecundity

<I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> Variety <I>kurstaki</I> × <I>aizawai</I> Applied to Spruce Flowers Reduced <I>Dioryctria abietella</I> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Infestation without Affecting Seed Quality

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