The Role of Integral Model of Critical Infrastructure Safety in Industry 4.0

Abstract

Purpose: This paper aims to create a dedicated tool for managing the level of availability of services delivered by critical infrastructure (CI) facilities, which will affect the Sustainable Development Goals. The paper established a link between sustainability, Industry 4.0, and critical infrastructure. The literature analysis has indicated that the security of Industry 4.0 is discussed almost exclusively in the perspective of cyber security. Design/Methodology/Approach: Verification of the tool was carried out based on simulations and computational experience using data PKN ORLEN Refinery Inc. Findings: As a result of the work carried out, an Integral Model of Critical Infrastructure Safety (IMCIS) was obtained, which allows us to present CI's current characteristics. It was established that the canon of characterization of CI objects consists of a set of resources, a set of functionalities, a set of threats, a set of safeguards, a set of threat dependencies, and a set of dependencies of objects recognized as CI. Practical Implications: A universal application of the IMCIS is to estimate the level of risk before and after implementing safeguards and generating adverse event scenarios. The identified threats are the decision-making areas of the decision problem, whose solution is indicated by a set of safeguards reducing the risk level to an acceptable level. Originality/Value: The solution can be used to identify a set of safeguards that, on the one hand, will reduce the cost of the business operator to a minimum and, on the other hand, achieve the required level of availability of CI functionality. In addition, IMCIS allows analyzing all threats that may affect the infrastructure of Industry 4.0, taking into account many independent decision-making centers.

Industry 4.0 Solutions Impacts on Critical Infrastructure Safety and Protection–A Systematic Literature Review

“…This is likely due to overall lack of papers focusing on nontechnical CI systems. They appear in literature only as complementary elements to case studies discussing technical systems [61]. Secondly, it simply is easier to apply I4.0 technologies in CI systems of a technical nature because the problems occurring in these systems are analogous to those observed in manufacturing companies.…”

“…in the energy sector in the Gulf Cooperation Countries [50], manufacturing sector [51];  Artificial intelligence supports CI systems [52], [53];  Industrial automation [54], robotics [55], sensors, CPS [56], [57], IIoT [58], digital twins [59] enrich decision makers with data and enable extensive preventive and resilience capacities in CI;  Parts manufactured using additive manufacturing can enhance the technical resilience of CI [60], but also create new potential targets for attacks (physical and cybernetic) within safety-critical infrastructure. Consequently, I4.0 is dependent on CI but at the same time also shapes the same through technological applications [61].…”