The role of interleukin-1 in perinatal inflammation and its impact on transitional circulation

Abstract

Preterm birth is defined as delivery at <37 weeks of gestational age (GA) and exposes 15 million infants worldwide to serious early life diseases. Lowering the age of viability to 22 weeks GA entailed provision of intensive care to a greater number of extremely premature infants. Moreover, improved survival, especially at extremes of prematurity, comes with a rising incidence of early life diseases with short- and long-term sequelae. The transition from fetal to neonatal circulation is a substantial and complex physiologic adaptation, which normally happens rapidly and in an orderly sequence. Maternal chorioamnionitis or fetal growth restriction (FGR) are two common causes of preterm birth that are associated with impaired circulatory transition. Among many cytokines contributing to the pathogenesis of chorioamnionitis-related perinatal inflammatory diseases, the potent pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1 has been shown to play a central role. The effects of utero-placental insufficiency-related FGR and in-utero hypoxia may also be mediated, in part, via the inflammatory cascade. In preclinical studies, blocking such inflammation, early and effectively, holds great promise for improving the transition of circulation. In this mini-review, we outline the mechanistic pathways leading to abnormalities in transitional circulation in chorioamnionitis and FGR. In addition, we explore the therapeutic potential of targeting IL-1 and its influence on perinatal transition in the context of chorioamnionitis and FGR.

Serological diagnosis of IL-1β and IL-6 associated with Urinary tract infections among pregnant women in Thi-Qar Governorate

“…In order to prevent severe inflammation and tissue damage, the infection may inhibit the placenta's or the cells producing amniotic fluid's IL-1β in pregnant women [20]. The infection may cause the release of IL-1Ra, which binds to IL-1β and prevents it from doing its job in order to shield the developing embryo from IL-1β's detrimental consequences [21,22].The infection might change the vaginal microbiome's equilibrium, which could impact the genital tract's production of IL-1β and other cytokines [23].…”

Inflammatory imbalance in tracheal aspirate of very preterm newborns is associated with airway obstruction and lung function deficiencies at school age: a cohort study

“… 13 14 For example, the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 is associated with chorioamnionitis, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes and preterm birth, possibly due to the increased levels of IL-1 in amniotic fluid and increased infiltration of leucocytes in the chorion and amnion. 15 …”

Effects of multiple pro-inflammatory stimuli in utero on the ileum of extremely premature ovine fetuses

“…In up to two-thirds of all cases, chorioamnionitis is associated with multiple pathogens (6). The subsequent microbial growth exposes the fetus to multiple bacterial toxins or products of inflammation that may cause a fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS), for example, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from E. coli activates the Interleukin-1 pathway (7). FIRS is associated with postnatal adverse outcomes in multiple fetal organs including the gastrointestinal tract (8)(9)(10).…”