The Role of Interleukin 6 in Periodontitis and Its Complications

Abstract

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleomorphic pro-inflammatory cytokine that is strongly associated with local as well as systemic inflammatory processes. Its role in physiological and pathogenic processes throughout the human body has been the subject of numerous studies in recent years. Measurements of the IL-6 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GFC), as well as in serum, can be important diagnostic and prognostic factors in periodontal diseases (PD) and in assessing their impact on a range of related inflammatory diseases. This narrative review explores the significant role of IL-6 in patients with periodontitis and its association with other widespread inflammatory pathologies.

Evaluation of bi-directional causal association between periodontitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia: epidemiological studies and two-sample mendelian randomization analysis

“…There is a proposed relationship between periodontitis and BPH mediated by gut flora ( Guo et al, 2023 ). Additionally, the presence of specific proinflammatory cytokines originating from periodontal tissues potentially contributes to the development of systemic disorders such as BPH ( Mazurek-Mochol et al, 2024 ). Our research indicates that periodontitis as a disease may not directly impact the occurrence of BPH; however, the dysbiosis of oral microbiota and alterations in the inflammatory state caused by periodontitis could potentially elevate the risk of developing BPH.…”

Clinical Efficacy of Extracellular Vesicle Therapy in Periodontitis: Reduced Inflammation and Enhanced Regeneration

“…IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a role in the acute phase response and can stimulate osteoclast differentiation, leading to bone resorption. IL-6 has important effects in response to microbial insults, acting not only as an anti-inflammatory agent, but also as a proinflammatory agent when the inflammatory process becomes chronic [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. IL-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by Th17 cells and is associated with the recruitment of neutrophils and the promotion of osteoclastogenesis [ 29 , 30 ].…”

“…Facilitates the transition from acute to chronic inflammation, promoting periodontitis progression. It also influences bone metabolism, and can induce osteoclast formation [26,27].…”