The role of ion and solvent transport during the redox process of conducting polymers

Electrochemically induced free solvent transfer in thin poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films

“…As there is still anions transfer, this facilitates the transfer of free water ( Figure 9). Dehydration step involves an increase of the dielectric constant of the film which could contribute to the pseudo-capacitive behavior of PEDOT [18,66]. …”

“…Hillman et al and Bund et al have specifically explored the ion and solvent transfer in PEDOT films by cyclic electrogravimetric methods [17,18,22,23]. However, the temporal sequence in the transfer of the species and the corresponding mechanisms are not fully explored [24,25].…”

“…Mainly, the reversible transfer of anions and solvent between solution and polymer takes place during electrochemical reactions of PEDOT [17,18]. Free-volume inside the film fixes the number of free non-charged molecules, which can be inserted by the films [19].…”

Polymer dynamics in thin p-type conducting films investigated by ac-electrogravimetry. Kinetics aspects on anion exclusion, free solvent transfer, and conformational changes in poly(o-toluidine)

“…Now, a refined procedure for the interpretation of ac-electrogravimetry results is proposed to study the anion p-doping of ICPs. Here, the anion exclusion effect is taken into account [12,29,30]. The anion insertion during the charge balance excludes a specific number of solvent molecules equivalent to the anion volume, which are expelled from the film during the oxidation.…”

Electrochromic enhancement of latent fingerprints by poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)

“…25 We now implement this strategy using poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT, a widely studied conducting polymer [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] with excellent (electro)chemical stability and electrochromic properties. In principle, with a wide operating potential range, one could access three states of distinct optical properties: n-doped, undoped and p-doped.…”