The role of knowledge and self‐efficacy on dental consultation behavior of patients with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

AimThis study aimed to examine the association of knowledge and self‐efficacy as variables for behavior related to dental consultations among patients with type 2 diabetes, depending on the diagnosis of periodontal disease at a general hospital in Japan.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted with 198 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age: 66.1 ± 10.1 years, men: 56.6%, mean glycated hemoglobin: 7.3 ± 1.0%). The self‐efficacy of patients with periodontal disease was assessed using the Self‐Efficacy Scale for Self‐Care. Knowledge was measured using five dichotomous items based on reference to clinical guidelines. Dental consultation behavior was assessed from regular dental checkup behavior.ResultsIn total, 31.8% of participants attended their regular dental checkup in the last year. Logistic regression analysis revealed that dental consultation behavior was positively associated with self‐efficacy among patients diagnosed with periodontal disease (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–1.45), and positively associated with the knowledge among patients not diagnosed with periodontal disease (OR = 1.54, 95%, CI: 1.09 − 2.16).ConclusionPatients without periodontal disease need to learn about accurate knowledge regarding periodontal disease as a complication of diabetes and its prevention via dental checkups. Supportive consultation to improve self‐efficacy with respect to dental consultations should be offered to patients with periodontal disease. Medical professionals will be able to support each patient with type 2 diabetes by changing the educational approach for promoting regular dental checkups at the time of diabetes consultations.

Knowledge of bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease among diabetes patients: A systematic review

“…In addition, a total of seven studies were included by manual search. Finally, 24 studies 27–50 were included in the qualitative synthesis. Some studies that initially appear to meet the inclusion criteria were later excluded due to different reasons as follows: did not evaluate the bidirectional relationship (15), or did not include people with diabetes (3) and based on exclusion criteria (study design) (3) were excluded.…”

“…The characteristics of the 24 included studies are outlined in Table 2. All included studies used a cross‐sectional design 27–50 . A total of 8693 patients were evaluated in all included studies.…”

“…Table 2 shows the results in terms of hypothesis, aim, tool, validation, and calibration. Only one study 46 informed clearly the hypothesis tested within the paper, but all of them evaluated the level of knowledge or awareness regarding the relationship between periodontal disease/problems and diabetes. A wide variety of questionnaires were used to evaluate this outcome, but none of them were previously developed and properly validated; they were all different and developed by the authors.…”

Oral symptoms and oral hygiene behaviours among patients with type 2 diabetes at a hospital in Japan: A cross‐sectional study

“…Approximately 70% of the general hospitals in Japan do not have a dentistry department or unit, 26 and oral management for preventing periodontal disease may be insufficient. A study reported that 68.2% of patients with type 2 diabetes did not undergo regular dental check‐ups during the preceding year at a hospital without a dentistry department or unit 27 . Hence, patient education about daily oral self‐care for the prevention of periodontal disease should be performed not only in dentistry but also in general medical care.…”

“…A study reported that 68.2% of patients with type 2 diabetes did not undergo regular dental check-ups during the preceding year at a hospital without a dentistry department or unit. 27 Hence, patient education about daily oral selfcare for the prevention of periodontal disease should be performed not only in dentistry but also in general medical care. To the best of our knowledge, the oral symptoms, oral hygiene behaviour and factors contributing to oral hygiene behaviour among outpatients with type 2 diabetes have not been well examined in Japan.…”