“…1 The continued existence of significant gender differences is disturbing not only from an equity perspective, but also for its potential impacts on economic growth and even fertility (Galor and Weil, 1996). Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain why such gender inequities exist, with the weight of attention being paid to gender differences in human capital (Blau and Kahn, 2000), discrimination and stereotypes against women (Spencer et al, 1999;Goldin andRouse, 2000, Reuben et al, 2010), and differences in time taken out of the labor force (Phipps et al, 2001;Hotchkiss and Pitts, 2007). More recently, an experimental literature has emerged that reports another potential source for the observed gender imbalance: women shy away from competitive workplaces whereas men covet, and even thrive in, competitive environments (Gneezy et al, 2003;Niederle and Vesterlund, 2007).…”