The Role of Landscape Composition and Configuration on Pteropus giganteus Roosting Ecology and Nipah Virus Spillover Risk in Bangladesh

Hahn, Micah B.; Gurley, Emily S.; Epstein, Jonathan H.; Islam, Mohammad Shariful; Patz, Jonathan A.; Daszak, Peter; Luby, Stephen P.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.13-0256

Cited by 72 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, these drivers would have a smaller role in explaining disease risk than those identified in this study. P. medius bats are found throughout Bangladesh ( 42 ) but spillover of NiV to humans could be driven by spatial or temporal variation in NiV incidence in bats. More evidence about this possible contributor to spatial heterogeneity would improve our understanding of risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence of Humans, Bats, Trees, and Culture in Nipah Virus Transmission, Bangladesh

Gurley¹,

Hegde²,

Hossain³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Preventing emergence of new zoonotic viruses depends on understanding determinants for human risk. Nipah virus (NiV) is a lethal zoonotic pathogen that has spilled over from bats into human populations, with limited person-to-person transmission. We examined ecologic and human behavioral drivers of geographic variation for risk of NiV infection in Bangladesh. We visited 60 villages during 2011–2013 where cases of infection with NiV were identified and 147 control villages. We compared case villages with control villages for most likely drivers for risk of infection, including number of bats, persons, and date palm sap trees, and human date palm sap consumption behavior. Case villages were similar to control villages in many ways, including number of bats, persons, and date palm sap trees, but had a higher proportion of households in which someone drank sap. Reducing human consumption of sap could reduce virus transmission and risk for emergence of a more highly transmissible NiV strain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence of Humans, Bats, Trees, and Culture in Nipah Virus Transmission, Bangladesh

Gurley¹,

Hegde²,

Hossain³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Such landscape changes can be compounded by alterations in wildlife species interaction and abundance (e.g., host ecological traits); rodents can undergo ecological release at forest interfaces being attracted to farmland and human settlements for resources and suitable breeding habitat, and human settlements might provide suitable breeding habitat for mosquitos and birds (important arthropod vectors and reservoirs for West Nile virus) 70, 71. Evidence for an association between disease emergence and ecotones has been documented for several zoonoses with wildlife reservoirs, including yellow fever, Nipah virus encephalitis, influenza, rabies, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Lyme disease, cholera, Escherichia coli infection and African trypanosomiasis 70, 72, 73, 74. In urbanized areas such as cities, tangential variation in land use from rural–periurban–urban areas would be expected to generate a wide variety of ecotones on micro- and macrospatial scales.…”

Section: Interfaces Between Sympatric Wildlife Livestock and Humans mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization and Disease Emergence: Dynamics at the Wildlife–Livestock–Human Interface

Hassell

Begon

Ward

et al. 2017

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

545

457

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Urbanization is characterized by rapid intensification of agriculture, socioeconomic change, and ecological fragmentation, which can have profound impacts on the epidemiology of infectious disease. Here, we review current scientific evidence for the drivers and epidemiology of emerging wildlife-borne zoonoses in urban landscapes, where anthropogenic pressures can create diverse wildlife–livestock–human interfaces. We argue that these interfaces represent a critical point for cross-species transmission and emergence of pathogens into new host populations, and thus understanding their form and function is necessary to identify suitable interventions to mitigate the risk of disease emergence. To achieve this, interfaces must be studied as complex, multihost communities whose structure and form are dictated by both ecological and anthropological factors.

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“…Lane-deGraaf et al (2013) developed an agent-based modelling framework for thinking about the relationships between landscape structure and parasite spread by long-tailed macaques, and Altman and Byers (2014) found a strong impact of anthropogenic landscape elements on trematode populations. Empirical evidence for the importance of landscape elements in disease dynamics has also been rapidly increasing; in the last 2 years, for example, land cover and land use patterns have been shown to influence (amongst others) the transmission risks of West Nile Virus, tick-borne babesiosis, and Lyme Disease in the USA (Tran and Waller 2013;Walsh 2013;Gardner et al 2014), Nipah Virus in Bangladesh (Hahn et al 2014), Scrub Typhus in Taiwan (Wardrop et al 2013), and malaria in Senegal and South Africa (Ngom et al 2013;Okanga et al 2013).…”

Section: Integrating Landscape Epidemiology and Systems Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A social–ecological approach to landscape epidemiology: geographic variation and avian influenza

et al. 2015

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Context Landscape structure influences host-parasite-pathogen dynamics at multiple scales in space and time. Landscape epidemiology, which connects disease ecol-ogy and landscape ecology, is still an emerging field. Objective We argue that landscape epidemiology must move beyond simply studying the influence of landscape configuration and composition on epidemiological processes and towards a more comparative, systems approach that better incorporates social-ecological complexity. Methods We illustrate our argument with a detailed review, based on a single conceptual systems model, of geographic variation in drivers of avian influenza in Western Europe, Southeast Asia, and Southern Africa. Results Our three study regions are similar in some ways but quite different in others. The same underlying mechanisms apply in all cases, but differences in the attributes of key components and linkages (most notably avian diversity, the abiotic environment, land use and land cover, and food production systems) create significant differences in avian influenza virus prevalence and human risk between regions. Conclusions Landscape approaches can connect local-and continental-scale elements of epidemiology. Adopting a landscape-focused systems per-spective on the problem facilitates the identification of the most important commonalities and differences, guiding both science and policy, and helps to identify elements of the problem on which further research is needed. More generally, our review demonstrates the importance of socialecological interactions and comparative approaches for landscape epidemiology.

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The Role of Landscape Composition and Configuration on Pteropus giganteus Roosting Ecology and Nipah Virus Spillover Risk in Bangladesh

Cited by 72 publications

References 28 publications

Convergence of Humans, Bats, Trees, and Culture in Nipah Virus Transmission, Bangladesh

Convergence of Humans, Bats, Trees, and Culture in Nipah Virus Transmission, Bangladesh

Urbanization and Disease Emergence: Dynamics at the Wildlife–Livestock–Human Interface

A social–ecological approach to landscape epidemiology: geographic variation and avian influenza

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