“…This labelling is likely to negatively influence the process of secondary desistance, which involves the development of a non-offending identity, and tertiary desistance, which involves 'how one sees one's place in society' and how they are received by others (Maruna & Farrall, 2004;McNeill, 2016, p. 201). Whilst the terms used in the context of probation are typically more clinical than emotional, phrases such as 'probationer', 'offender' or 'POP' are still replete with messaging that ties the individual to criminality (Phillips & Bower, 2023).…”