The role of learning and coordination in strength training

Rutherford, Olga M.; Jones, David A.

doi:10.1007/bf00422902

Cited by 401 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It is not always training with maximal, external load that produces maximal strength, because increases in force may in large part be neurologically based [21]. Hence, the joint torque was similar in the combat groups examined in the study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Comparison of Muscle Strength in Male Combat Sport Athletes

Buśko

2016

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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Introduction. The aim of the study was to examine differences in muscle strength and topography between judoists, boxers, and taekwondo athletes. Material and methods. Thirteen judoists, 6 boxers, and 7 taekwondo athletes took part in the study. The maximal joint torque of the flexors and extensors of the elbow, shoulder, hip, knee, and trunk were measured under isometric conditions. Results. The absolute and relative joint torque was similar in the three groups except for the absolute strength of the right flexor of the shoulder between the boxers and the taekwondo athletes and judoists (p < 0.01). The sums of the relative joint torque and topography of the joint torque of the right and left upper extremity, lower extremity, and trunk were similar in the groups. A significant difference was observed in the topography of the joint torque of the right upper and lower extremity and of the trunk between the boxers and the taekwondo athletes and judoists (p < 0.01). The topography of the joint torque of the flexors and extensors of the right shoulder was significantly different between the boxers and the taekwondo athletes and judoists (p < 0.01). Conclusions. In martial arts, the training undergone by the athletes and their participation in competitions can be expected to affect their strength. The joint torque was similar in the combat groups examined in this study. Judoists and taekwondo athletes did not differ in muscle topography. Boxers differed from the other two groups only in the contribution of the flexors and extensors of the right shoulder, in the sum of the torques of the right upper and lower limb, and the sum of the torques of the trunk. These results may be due to the characteristics of the discipline and the training methods used.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Comparison of Muscle Strength in Male Combat Sport Athletes

Buśko

2016

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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“…There is no known mechanism for memory in muscle cells, and, to date, the longlasting effects of previous training have been attributed to motor learning in the central nervous system (3). However, it has been reported that muscles can remain hypertrophic after several months of detraining (1,(4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Myonuclei acquired by overload exercise precede hypertrophy and are not lost on detraining

Bruusgaard

Johansen

Egner

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

260

283

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Effects of previous strength training can be long-lived, even after prolonged subsequent inactivity, and retraining is facilitated by a previous training episode. Traditionally, such "muscle memory" has been attributed to neural factors in the absence of any identified local memory mechanism in the muscle tissue. We have used in vivo imaging techniques to study live myonuclei belonging to distinct muscle fibers and observe that new myonuclei are added before any major increase in size during overload. The old and newly acquired nuclei are retained during severe atrophy caused by subsequent denervation lasting for a considerable period of the animal's lifespan. The myonuclei seem to be protected from the high apoptotic activity found in inactive muscle tissue. A hypertrophy episode leading to a lasting elevated number of myonuclei retarded disuse atrophy, and the nuclei could serve as a cell biological substrate for such memory. Because the ability to create myonuclei is impaired in the elderly, individuals may benefit from strength training at an early age, and because anabolic steroids facilitate more myonuclei, nuclear permanency may also have implications for exclusion periods after a doping offense. muscle memory | muscle nuclei | muscle atrophy | muscle hypertrophy | apoptosis

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“…It is important information for coach. There is not always training of maximal, external load improves maximal power because an increase of force may have large part neurologically based [26,27]. Application of CMJ and sPJ jump in jumping tests allows, in addition to assessing the maximal power output of the lower extremities, to assess changes in neuromuscular coordination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jumping abilities and power-velocity relationship in judo athletes: Comparative analysis among age categories

Buśko¹

2018

Hum Mov.

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Purpose. The aim of the study was to examine age differences in the maximal power and height of rise of the body mass centre measured in spike jump (sPJ) and counter-movement jump (CMJ), and power-velocity relationship of lower extremities between cadet and U23 age class judo athletes. Methods. seven cadets (age 16.6 ± 0.7 years) and eight U23 age class (21.3 ± 1.4 years) Polish judoists took part in the study. The maximal power and height of jump were measured at sPJ and CMJ jumps. Powervelocity relations (P-v) were determined from 5 maximal cycle ergometer exercise bouts at increasing external loads equal to 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5% of body weight (BW). Results. Cadet judoists had a significantly smaller maximal power output (11.56 ± 1.21 W · kg -1 ) than U23 athletes (12.69 ± 0.67 W · kg -1 ). The optimal velocity was similar in both group (119.3 ± 16.0 rpm and 119.6 ± 15.5 rpm, respectively). significant age differences were founded between the cadet and U23 athletes for power output at external load equal 12.5% BW. Cadet judoists generated insignificantly lower maximal power in CMJ and sPJ than U23 judo athletes with except of the absolute maximal power in sPJ. The age difference was observed in height of CMJ. Conclusions. Based on the characteristics of F-v curve we can see in which direction follow the effects of training. Application of CMJ and sPJ in jumping test allows to assess changes in neuromuscular coordination. The use of the both methods give better information to optimal training control.

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The role of learning and coordination in strength training

Cited by 401 publications

References 9 publications

Comparison of Muscle Strength in Male Combat Sport Athletes

Comparison of Muscle Strength in Male Combat Sport Athletes

Myonuclei acquired by overload exercise precede hypertrophy and are not lost on detraining

Jumping abilities and power-velocity relationship in judo athletes: Comparative analysis among age categories

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