The role of learning and stress in predator avoidance of hatchery-reared coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) juveniles

Olla, Bori L.; Davis, Michael W.

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(89)90075-6

Cited by 171 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Thus, aside from species, age, or size differences, there appear to be differences in the nature and severity of acute thermal shocks and the type of thermal stressors we exposed our fish to, at least with regards to predator avoidance ability. Our results suggest that juvenile fall chinook salmon were capable of avoiding predators soon after experiencing a thermal stressor of the type we used, a conclusion also noted in studies subjecting juvenile salmonids to physical stressors (Olla and Davis 1989;Mesa 1994). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Evaluation of Juvenile Fall Chinook Salmon Stranding on the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, 1999 Annual Report.

Nugent¹

2002

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Evaluation of Juvenile Fall Chinook Salmon Stranding on the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, 1999 Annual Report.

Nugent¹

2002

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“…Although the importance of acclimatization before being released into the natural environment has been largely demonstrated (e.g. Olla and Davis, 1989;Otterå et al, 1999;Kuwada et al, 2004), the operational details should be modulated according to the ecological features of the species. As they are a benthic fish, we believe it is better to release the dusky grouper juveniles close to the artificial reefs as they would probably have been unable to reach the pyramids quickly and autonomously if released on the sea-surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primera liberación de juveniles de mero <i>Epinephelus marginatus</i> (Lowe, 1834) (Serranidae: Teleostei) cultivados en criadero en arrecifes artificiales en el mar Mediterráneo: resultados de un estudio experimental

et al. 2008

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SUMMARY: A pilot experiment of stock enhancement based on the release of hatchery-reared juveniles of dusky grouper, Epinephelus marginatus, was carried out at two artificial reefs located 0.9 km offshore the south-western Sicilian coast (Central Mediterranean). The fish assemblages inhabiting the reefs were characterized using underwater visual census (UVC) surveys. Despite some differences in fish species richness, diversity and abundance, both artificial reefs provide suitable feeding resources and shelter opportunities for the settlement of dusky grouper juveniles. A total of 95 dusky grouper juveniles, which were 3 and 4 years old, were released. No stress-related effects on fish swimming or behaviour were observed during the step by step transportation to the sea-bottom at 20 m depth. After release, several groupers showed very low reactivity; freezing and schooling were the most common behaviours. The sighting rate after one month of UVC surveys was 15.7% and 20% at the two artificial reefs. No effect of fish size at release on grouper survival was observed. Some groupers were not recorded on the pyramid of release but elsewhere in the same artificial reef, which demonstrated their ability to move around the reef. The extent of dispersal of the released juveniles largely exceeded the area encompassed by the reefs, which was shown by recaptures of tagged groupers by local fishermen up to 13 km from the release site. This result provides a first insight into the potential of stock enhancement of hatchery reared dusky grouper juveniles for marine ranching and conservation purposes.Keywords: stock enhancement, hatchery-reared juveniles, Epinephelus marginatus, artificial reef, Mediterranean. RESUMEN: Primera liberación de juveniles de mero EPINEPHELUS MARGINATUS (Lowe, 1834) (Serranidae: Teleostei) cultivados en criadero en arrecifes artificiales en el mar Mediterráneo: resultados de un estudio experimental. -Un experimento de repoblación, basado en la liberación de juveniles de mero Epinephelus marginatus cultivados en criadero, fue realizado en dos arrecifes artificiales situados 0.9 kilómetros fuera de las costas sicilianas sur-occidentales (Mediterráneo Central). La ictiofauna de los arrecifes fue caracterizada a través de inmersiones submarinas, utilizando la técnica de censo visual (UVC). A pesar de algunas diferencias en número de especies, diversidad y abundancia, ambos arrecifes artificiales proporcionaron recursos alimenticios y refugio adecuados para el establecimiento de juveniles de mero. En total se liberaron 95 meros juveniles de 3 y 4 años de edad. Ningún efecto relacionado al estrés fue observado en el comportamiento de natación de los peces durante el gradual transporte hasta 20 m de profundidad. Después de la liberación, varios meros mostraron una reactividad muy baja, siendo el comportamiento más común quedarse inmóviles y agregados. Después de un mes de censos visuales, las tasas de avistamientos obtenidas en los arrecifes artificiales fueron de 15.7% y 20%. No se observó relación entre e...

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“…Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and coho salmon O. kisutch smolts stressed by handling (held out of water in a dipnet for 30 to 60 s) and then mixed with an equal number of control fish were consumed in greater numbers than controls by the lingcod Ophiodon elongatus (Olla & Davis 1989, 1992. Similarly, chinook salmon smolts stressed by either handling (simulating hatchery release) or agitation (simulating dam passage) were lethargic and more vulnerable than controls to predation by pike-minnows Ptychocheilus oregonensis (Mesa 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trawl stress and escapee vulnerability to predation in juvenile walleye pollock: Is there an unobserved bycatch of behaviorally impaired escapees?

Ryer¹

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Recent studies suggest that mortality of undersized fishes escaping through trawl codends may range from 0 to 100%, with mortalities of 10 to 30% being common. These values may be low, as they do not account for fishes which become behaviorally compromised by their passage through the trawl and ultimately succumb to predators. The goal of this study was to simulate in the laboratory the stressors associated with trawl passage and determine if they degrade the behavioral capabilities of juvenile walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma to avoid predation. In the first of 2 experiments, groups of Age 1 yr+ walleye pollock were subjected to 3 treatments: (1) controls: no stressor; (2) swim/escape: forced swimming for 90 min at 0.33 m s -1 in a towed net, followed by escape through 8 cm square mesh; (3) swim/crowd/escape: forced swimming followed by 3 min of crowding, followed by escape. To evaluate the effect of these treatments on pollock behavior, a sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria (48 to 53 cm) was placed in an observation arena with the group and pollock anti-predator behavior was quantified. Beginning immediately after simulated trawling and for up to 24 h afterwards, pollock exposed to both trawl-stressor treatments were less likely to avoid the predator than controls, allowing it to approach closer. They were also less able to form a cohesive shoal, and in the case of the swim/crowd/escape treatment, swam more slowly than control fish. To determine if trawl-stressed fish are more vulnerable to predation, in a second experiment I mixed control and swim/crowd/escape pollock together and then subjected them to predation by a 48 to 60 cm lingcod Ophiodon elongatus, observing the behavior and enumerating the number of pollock consumed in each treatment. Lingcod concentrated attacks upon solitary individuals or those straggling behind the shoal, were more likely to lunge at pollock that did not move away when approached, and were more successful the closer the pollock at lunge initiation. As a result, trawlstressed pollock were consumed in greater numbers than controls. On the basis of these results, it is reasonable to expect that juvenile walleye pollock passing through trawls suffer behavioral deficits, subjecting them to elevated predation risk. If this is a generic effect, these results suggest that there may be a significant bycatch associated with many commercial trawl fisheries which is generally unrecognized, unmeasured, and unaccounted for in current stock-assessment models.

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The role of learning and stress in predator avoidance of hatchery-reared coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) juveniles

Cited by 171 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of Juvenile Fall Chinook Salmon Stranding on the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, 1999 Annual Report.

Evaluation of Juvenile Fall Chinook Salmon Stranding on the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, 1999 Annual Report.

Primera liberación de juveniles de mero <i>Epinephelus marginatus</i> (Lowe, 1834) (Serranidae: Teleostei) cultivados en criadero en arrecifes artificiales en el mar Mediterráneo: resultados de un estudio experimental

Trawl stress and escapee vulnerability to predation in juvenile walleye pollock: Is there an unobserved bycatch of behaviorally impaired escapees?

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