The role of lignin in wood working processes using elevated temperatures: an abbreviated literature survey

Börcsök, Zoltán; Pásztory, Zoltán

doi:10.1007/s00107-020-01637-3

Cited by 94 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 193 publications

(242 reference statements)

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“…The deterioration temperatures of cellulose and hemicellulose differ slightly, and some differences for the high-temperature behaviour of elastic modulus and dry tensile strength could be expected. The hemicelluloses degrade at 230–315 °C, whereas lignin decomposes over a broader temperature range of 200–500 °C [ 30 , 31 ]. However, as seen in Figure 10 for varied pulp types, both elastic modulus and dry strength peak around 150–200 °C, followed up by a decrease for most cases when further increasing the temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin Inter-Diffusion Underlying Improved Mechanical Performance of Hot-Pressed Paper Webs

et al. 2021

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Broader use of bio-based fibres in packaging becomes possible when the mechanical properties of fibre materials exceed those of conventional paperboard. Hot-pressing provides an efficient method to improve both the wet and dry strength of lignin-containing paper webs. Here we study varied pressing conditions for webs formed with thermomechanical pulp (TMP). The results are compared against similar data for a wide range of other fibre types. In addition to standard strength and structural measurements, we characterise the induced structural changes with X-ray microtomography and scanning electron microscopy. The wet strength generally increases monotonously up to a very high pressing temperature of 270 °C. The stronger bonding of wet fibres can be explained by the inter-diffusion of lignin macromolecules with an activation energy around 26 kJ mol−1 after lignin softening. The associated exponential acceleration of diffusion with temperature dominates over other factors such as process dynamics or final material density in setting wet strength. The optimum pressing temperature for dry strength is generally lower, around 200 °C, beyond which hemicellulose degradation begins. By varying the solids content prior to hot-pressing for the TMP sheets, the highest wet strength is achieved for the completely dry web, while no strong correlation was observed for the dry strength.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin Inter-Diffusion Underlying Improved Mechanical Performance of Hot-Pressed Paper Webs

et al. 2021

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“…Because of its aromatic composition, lignin acts as a hard segment and replaces the soft segment of PU, i.e., polyol, and boosts the mechanical strength, thermal characteristics, and composite material properties of blends, copolymers, and composite materials. Lignin incorporation into PU matrix leads to enhancement in its thermal stability, delamination, and resistance to abrasion [44]. Alinejad et al, prepared lignin-based polyurethane adhesives by polymerization of lignin with toluene -2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) and partial polyethylene glycol (PEG).…”

Section: Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Bio-Based Polyurethanes: Perspective on Applications and Bio-Degradation

et al. 2022

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Among numerous synthetic macromolecules, polyurethane in its different forms has proven its sheer dominance and established a reputation as a reliable and trusted material due to its proficiency in terms of superior properties, which include: high mechanical strength and abrasion resistance, good durability, good adhesion, good thermal stability, excellent chemical and weathering resistance. Synthetic polyurethane materials are non-biodegradable, poisonous, and use petrochemical-based raw materials, which are now depleting, leading to a surge in polyurethane production costs. Bio-based polyurethanes (PU) have been synthesized by researchers in recent decades and have mostly overtaken petrochemical-based PU in terms of challenges such as solid pollution, economic effectiveness, and availability of raw materials. Enormous kinds of available bio-renewable sources as predecessors for the production of polyols and isocyanates have been explored for the development of “greener” PU materials; these bio-based polyurethanes have significant potential to be used as future PU products, with a partial or total replacement of petroleum-based polyurethanes, due to increasing concern about the environment, their relatively low cost and biodegradability. This critical review concentrates on the possibilities of renewable sources to be used for polyurethane production and gives a clear perspective on the journey, utilization, and recent advancements in the field of different bio-based polyurethane polymers that have arisen over the last decade.

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“…The lignin has a paste-like impact within the polymer matrix that causes higher tensile strength values [ 58 ]. Lignin penetrates into the gaps of adjacent particles and intramolecular space of the PLA, and it improves the interfacial adhesion between WL filler and PLA matrix (physical adhesion) [ 59 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Biodegradable Poly (Lactic Acid)/Wood Leachate Composites: Investigation of Antibacterial, Mechanical, Morphological, and Thermal Properties

et al. 2022

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This research aimed to investigate the effects of using wood leachate (WL) powder as a cost-effective filler added to novel poly (lactic acid) biocomposites and evaluate their mechanical, thermal, morphological, and antibacterial properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile test, Charpy impact test, Shore hardness, scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), contact angle, and bacterial growth inhibition tests were employed to characterize the developed biocomposites. The SEM results indicated a proper filler dispersion in the polymer matrix. WL powder improved the hydrophobic nature in the adjusted sample’s contact angle experiment. Markedly, the results showed that the addition of WL filler improved the mechanical properties of the fabricated biocomposites. The thermal analysis determined the development in crystallization behavior and a decline in glass transition temperature (Tg) from 60.1 to 49.3 °C in 7% PLA-WL biocomposites. The PLA-WL biocomposites exhibited an antibacterial activity according to the inhibition zone for Escherichia coli bacteria. The developed novel PLA-WL composites can be effectively utilized in various value-added industrial applications as a sustainable and functional biopolymer material.

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The role of lignin in wood working processes using elevated temperatures: an abbreviated literature survey

Cited by 94 publications

References 193 publications

Lignin Inter-Diffusion Underlying Improved Mechanical Performance of Hot-Pressed Paper Webs

Lignin Inter-Diffusion Underlying Improved Mechanical Performance of Hot-Pressed Paper Webs

Assessment of Bio-Based Polyurethanes: Perspective on Applications and Bio-Degradation

Novel Biodegradable Poly (Lactic Acid)/Wood Leachate Composites: Investigation of Antibacterial, Mechanical, Morphological, and Thermal Properties

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