The Role of Lipid Biomarkers in Major Depression

Parekh, Amy; Smeeth, Demelza; Milner, Yasmin; Thure, Sandrine

doi:10.3390/healthcare5010005

Cited by 95 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 150 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…Engelberg 8 proposed that reduced peripheral cholesterol levels may contribute to a decrease in brain serotonin, and that low membrane cholesterol may reduce the number of serotonin receptors, leading to elevated suicidal risks. Subsequently, more clinical studies have been performed; however the results were mixed, with studies showing positive, inverse or non-significant associations [2][3][4]9 . A few meta-analyses have been performed in this area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal relationships between blood lipids and depression phenotypes: A Mendelian randomization analysis

Cheng

Chau

2018

Preprint

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AbstractBackgroundThe etiology of depression remains poorly understood. Changes in blood lipid levels were reported to be associated with depression and suicide, however study findings were mixed.MethodsWe performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between blood lipids and depression phenotypes, based on large-scale GWAS summary statistics (N=188,577/480,359 for lipid/depression traits respectively). Five depression-related phenotypes were included, namely major depressive disorder (MDD; from PGC), depressive symptoms (DS; from SSGAC), longest duration and number of episodes of low mood, and history of deliberate self-harm (DSH)/suicide (from UK Biobank). MR was conducted with inverse-variance weighted (MR-IVW), Egger and Generalized Summary-data-based MR(GSMR) methods.ResultsThere was consistent evidence that triglyceride (TG) is causally associated with DS (MR-IVW beta for one-SD increase in TG=0.0346, 95% CI=0.0114-0.0578), supported by MR-IVW and GSMR and multiple r2 clumping thresholds. We also observed relatively consistent associations of TG with DSH/suicide (MR-Egger OR= 2.514, CI: 1.579-4.003). There was moderate evidence for positive associations of TG with MDD and the number of episodes of low mood. For HDL-c, we observed moderate evidence for causal associations with DS and MDD. LDL-c and TC did not show robust causal relationships with depression phenotypes, except for weak evidence that LDL-c is inversely related to DSH/suicide. We did not detect significant associations when depression phenotypes were treated as exposures.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence to a causal relationship between TG, and to a lesser extent, altered cholesterol levels with depression phenotypes. Further studies on its mechanistic basis and the effects of lipid-lowering therapies are warranted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal relationships between blood lipids and depression phenotypes: A Mendelian randomization analysis

Cheng

Chau

2018

Preprint

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“…The hiSSB group tended to have higher levels of CRP, IL-18, and MCP-1, although the difference in these inflammatory markers between the loSSB and hiSSB groups was not significant. Given that low grade inflammation may play a role as both a cause and consequence of low HDL-C levels [47,48], and higher HDL-C levels may act as a buffer against low-grade inflammation [49][50][51], the lower levels of HDL-C observed in the hiSSB group may have been a consequence of proinflammatory factors modulated by a high sugar dietary pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Patterns and Health Outcomes among African American Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

et al. 2020

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The association between dietary patterns and health outcomes, such as quality of life (QOL), in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with certain racial backgrounds has not been studied in detail. QOL is a powerful outcome measure in which dietary patterns could be a modifying factor. This study is a secondary analysis examining the association between dietary patterns and health outcomes in 101 African American (AA) maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients participating in the Palm Tocotrienols in Chronic Hemodialysis (PATCH) study. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life 36-item survey (KDQOL-36™). Blood samples were analyzed for lipids, lipoprotein subfractions, and inflammatory markers. Food intake was measured using six non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls over 15 months. Implausible energy intake reports were screened out by comparing reported energy intake (rEI) with predicted total energy expenditure (pTEE). Cluster analysis, using the k-means algorithm, identified two distinct dietary patterns in the study population: a high "sugar sweetened beverage" pattern (hiSSB) and a low "sugar sweetened beverage pattern" (loSSB). In the hiSSB group, consumption of SSB accounted for~28% of energy intake, while SSB represented only 9% of energy intake in the loSSB group. The hiSSB group was characterized by a higher intake of total calories, sugar and percentage of kilocalories from carbohydrates, whereas the percentage of kilocalories from protein and fat was lower. While additional micronutrient intakes differed between groups (vitamin C, zinc, chromium), these were significantly lower than recommended values in the entire cohort. Patients in the hiSSB group presented with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), lower large HDL particles and smaller low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle diameters. Antidepressant usage was significantly higher in the hiSSB group. Patients in the hiSSB group scored lower across all five KDQOL domains and scored significantly lower in the mental composite domain. MHD patients following a hiSSB dietary pattern had smaller dense LDL particles, lower HDL-C, and a lower QOL. Suboptimal intakes of fruits, vegetables, and grains as well as key micronutrients were evident in both patterns.

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“…[37] Total serum cholesterol is a peripheral biomarker in diagnosis and monitoring of psychiatric disorders. [38] It was commonly observed that in patients suffering from MDD, there was decreased total cholesterol when compared to healthy controls. [39,40] Studies also claimed a lack of significant association between low serum cholesterol and depression in elderly cohorts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Nutritional Status in Major Psychiatric Disorders of a Tertiary Care Hospital

Datta¹,

Rumi²,

Chakraborty³

2018

jemds

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BACKGROUND There was substantial evidence to support the relationship between overweight, obesity and medical conditions, but little was known about their relationships to psychiatric disorders. [1] Clinical observations had suggested possible relationship between obesity and depression. [2] Being overweight or obese and having increased psychiatric symptoms had been explained by some literatures, [3,4] whereas other literatures failed to document direct associations between obesity and depression. [5,6] Our aim was to identify relationship between major psychiatric disorders and nutritional status with the help of anthropometry and a few biochemical parameters.

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The Role of Lipid Biomarkers in Major Depression

Cited by 95 publications

References 150 publications

Causal relationships between blood lipids and depression phenotypes: A Mendelian randomization analysis

Causal relationships between blood lipids and depression phenotypes: A Mendelian randomization analysis

Dietary Patterns and Health Outcomes among African American Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Assessment of Nutritional Status in Major Psychiatric Disorders of a Tertiary Care Hospital

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