The role of lipid peroxidation in neurological disorders

Abstract

There has been much evidence demonstrating the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathology of neurological disorders. Moreover, the vulnerability of the central nervous system to reactive oxygen species mediated injury is well established since neurons consume large amounts of oxygen, the brain has many areas containing high iron content, and neuronal mitochondria generate large amounts of hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, neuronal membranes are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress. Recently, the biological roles of products produced by lipid peroxidation have received much attention, not only for their pathological mechanisms associated with neurological disorders, but also for their practical clinical applications as biomarkers. Here, we discuss the production mechanisms of reactive oxygen species in some neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Down syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke. We also describe lipid peroxidation biomarkers for evaluating oxidative stress.

Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) possess antioxidant properties on Fe2+-initiated peroxidation of rat brain microsomes

“…These results are in concordance with previous reports of Braga et al [22]. In vitro lipid peroxidation studies are useful for the elucidation of possible mechanisms of peroxide formation in vivo [23], since the high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acid membranes causes susceptibility to lipid peroxidative degradation [24]. In our assay it was found that arachidonic acid C20:46 and docosahexaenoic acid C22:63 from controls were more peroxidized than those from CO group.…”

Persistence of the benefit of an antioxidant therapy in children and teenagers with Down syndrome

“…More specifically, a three-to four fold increase in intracellular ROS and elevated levels of lipid peroxidation markers have been detected in the brain of DS patients while vitamin E was able to decrease such markers (e.g. Shichiri, 2014). This effect was previously demonstrated by Lockrow et al (2009) showing that vitamin E supplementation decreased markers of OS in the brain and improved cognitive performance in mice.…”

Glutathione-Dependent Detoxification Processes in Astrocytes

“…Hydrogen peroxide is also formed in the reactions of some oxidases, for example monoamine oxidases [110]. A second class of cellular peroxides are organic hydroperoxides which include stereospecificallydefined prostaglandin and leukotrine hydroperoxides that are products of cyclooxygenases and lipooxygenases, respectively, as well as various hydroperoxides that are generated by unspecific oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in membranes by radical-mediated lipid peroxidation [111].…”