The Role of &lt;i&gt;Borrelia burgdorferi&lt;/i&gt; in Interstitial Cystitis

Haarala, Mervi; Kiiholma, Pentti; Nurmi, Martti; Uksila, Jaakko; Alanen, A.

doi:10.1159/000020184

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Urinary bladders were processed for IF according to published methods [93]. For all tissues, appropriate cross-sectional morphology was confirmed by H&E staining and examination by light microscopy prior to preparing slides for IF labeling.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

VEGF induces sensory and motor peripheral plasticity, alters bladder function, and promotes visceral sensitivity

Malykhina

Erickson

et al. 2012

BMC Physiol

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BackgroundThis work tests the hypothesis that bladder instillation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) modulates sensory and motor nerve plasticity, and, consequently, bladder function and visceral sensitivity.In addition to C57BL/6J, ChAT-cre mice were used for visualization of bladder cholinergic nerves. The direct effect of VEGF on the density of sensory nerves expressing the transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1 (TRPV1) and cholinergic nerves (ChAT) was studied one week after one or two intravesical instillations of the growth factor.To study the effects of VEGF on bladder function, mice were intravesically instilled with VEGF and urodynamic evaluation was assessed. VEGF-induced alteration in bladder dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons was performed on retrogradly labeled urinary bladder afferents by patch-clamp recording of voltage gated Na+ currents. Determination of VEGF-induced changes in sensitivity to abdominal mechanostimulation was performed by application of von Frey filaments.ResultsIn addition to an overwhelming increase in TRPV1 immunoreactivity, VEGF instillation resulted in an increase in ChAT-directed expression of a fluorescent protein in several layers of the urinary bladder. Intravesical VEGF caused a profound change in the function of the urinary bladder: acute VEGF (1 week post VEGF treatment) reduced micturition pressure and longer treatment (2 weeks post-VEGF instillation) caused a substantial reduction in inter-micturition interval. In addition, intravesical VEGF resulted in an up-regulation of voltage gated Na+ channels (VGSC) in bladder DRG neurons and enhanced abdominal sensitivity to mechanical stimulation.ConclusionsFor the first time, evidence is presented indicating that VEGF instillation into the mouse bladder promotes a significant increase in peripheral nerve density together with alterations in bladder function and visceral sensitivity. The VEGF pathway is being proposed as a key modulator of neural plasticity in the pelvis and enhanced VEGF content may be associated with visceral hyperalgesia, abdominal discomfort, and/or pelvic pain.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

VEGF induces sensory and motor peripheral plasticity, alters bladder function, and promotes visceral sensitivity

Malykhina

Erickson

et al. 2012

BMC Physiol

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“…The lower urinary tract and bladder are not sterile, as has been traditionally assumed, but contain a resident microbiota, including organism’s refractory to standard culturing techniques [12,14,15]. There have been some attempts to employ earlier generation molecular diagnostic techniques to search for the presence of causative organisms in patients with negative urine cultures and a diagnosis of IC/BPS [5,6,7,8,9,10]. However, findings have been inconclusive [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although active urinary tract infection excludes the diagnosis, and empiric antibiotic therapy is typically unhelpful, a bacterial etiology has never been excluded as a mechanism in IC/BPS, and such an association has been suggested in a small but perhaps significant number of IC/BPS patients [5,6,7,8,9,10]. The microbiologic diagnosis of infection in the bladder has traditionally been based on cultivation techniques in which bacteria are grown from voided urine spread on culture plates, which does not have the nutritive and environmental conditions required to support the growth of many microorganisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Culture-Independent Analysis of the Microbiota of Female Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome Participants in the MAPP Research Network

Nickel

Stephens‐Shields

Landis

et al. 2019

JCM

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We surveyed urine microbiota of females diagnosed with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) and matched control participants enrolled in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network using the culture-independent methodology. Midstream urine specimens were analyzed with the Plex-ID molecular diagnostic platform that utilizes polymerase chain reaction–electrospray ionization–time-of-flight–mass spectrometry (PCR-ESI-TOF MS) to provide a comprehensive identification of bacterial and select fungal species. IC/BPS and control participants were evaluated for differences (presence, diversity, and abundance) in species and genus. Urine specimens obtained from 181 female IC/BPS and 182 female control participants detected a total of 92 species (41 genera). Mean (SD) species count was 2.49 (1.48) and 2.30 (1.28) among IC/BPS and control participants, respectively. Overall species composition did not significantly differ between IC/BPS and control participants at any level (p = 0.726 species level, p = 0.222 genus level). IC/BPS participants urine trended to an overabundance of Lactobacillus gasseri (p = 0.09) detected but had a lower prevalence of Corynebacterium compared with control participants (p = 0.002). The relative abundance data analysis mirrored the prevalence data differences with no significant differences in most species or genus abundance other than Lactobacillus gasseri and Corynebacterium (p = 0.08 and p = 0.001, respectively). No cause and/or effect conclusion can be drawn from this observation, but it suggests that a more comprehensive evaluation (vaginal, bowel, catheterized bladder and/or tissue-based specimens) of the lower urinary tract microbiota in IC/BPS patients is warranted.

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“…Management is challenging, and a solution remains elusive due to an unclear etiology and pathogenesis [64]. Although active UTI precludes diagnosis and empiric antibiotic therapy is typically ineffective, a bacterial etiology has never been ruled out in IC/BPS, and an association with bacteria has been suggested in a small but possibly significant number of IC/BPS patients [65][66][67]. Historically, microbiologic diagnosis of bladder infection relied on cultivation methods in which bacteria were grown from voided urine distributed on culture plates, which lacked the necessary nutrients and environmental conditions for the development of many bacteria.…”

Section: Interstitial Cystitis and Urinary Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiome’s Function in Disorders of the Urinary Bladder

Choi

Lee

Kim

2021

Applied Microbiology

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The introduction of next generation sequencing techniques has enabled the characterization of the urinary tract microbiome, which resulted in the rejection of the long-held notion of urinary bladder sterility. Since the discovery and confirmation of the human bladder microbiome, an increasing number of studies have defined this microbial community and understand better its relationship to urinary pathologies. The composition of microbial communities in the urinary tract is linked to a variety of urinary diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of current information about the urinary microbiome and diseases as well as the development of novel treatment methods.

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The Role of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> in Interstitial Cystitis

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

VEGF induces sensory and motor peripheral plasticity, alters bladder function, and promotes visceral sensitivity

VEGF induces sensory and motor peripheral plasticity, alters bladder function, and promotes visceral sensitivity

A Culture-Independent Analysis of the Microbiota of Female Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome Participants in the MAPP Research Network

The Microbiome’s Function in Disorders of the Urinary Bladder

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