The role of marine sediment diagenesis in the modern oceanic magnesium cycle

Berg, Richard D.; Solomon, E. A.; Teng, Fang‐Zhen

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12322-2

Cited by 33 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Our simulated diagenesis experiments suggest that, similar to today (Berg et al 2019;Sun et al 2016), a sink for magnesium in Archean time may have been in the Mg enrichment of silicates during sedimentary diagenesis and burial. For example, studies of the Amazon delta sediments have shown that Mg is incorporated in secondary silicate clays during simulated and observed diagenesis (Michalopoulos and Aller 1995;Rude and Aller, 1989).…”

Section: Effects Of Simulated Diagenesis On Fe(iiiii) Silicatesmentioning

confidence: 68%

Simulated diagenesis of the iron-silica precipitates in banded iron formations

Hinz,

Rossi,

et al. 2023

American Mineralogist

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Banded Iron Formations, or BIFs, are chemically precipitated sediments that can record Archean ocean geochemistry. BIFs are laminated silica-and iron-rich deposits that host a range of iron(II, III) minerals, including hematite, magnetite, siderite, greenalite, minnesotaite, and stilpnomelane. This diverse mineralogical assemblage reflects secondary mineralization reactions due to diagenesis and/or post-depositional alteration. While petrographic observations of BIFs sparingly contain the iron silicate greenalite, recent evidence of greenalite nanoparticles preserved in earlymineralizing BIF chert suggest this mineral was a primary phase in BIF progenitor sediments.Therefore, it is critical to investigate the formation and alteration of greenalite to constrain the Archean ocean environment and help unravel post-depositional processes. To examine how iron silicates precipitate and then crystallize and/or transform during diagenesis, we simulated these two processes under Archean ocean conditions. We first precipitated a poorly ordered Fe-rich serpentine with subsidiary ferrihydrite at neutral pH by performing in situ Fe(II) oxidation experiments at 25 °C in the presence of silica. Subjected to simulated diagenesis at 80 °C, the rudimentary Fe-phyllosilicate transformed into a crystalline phyllosilicate characterized as 30% This is the peer-reviewed, final accepted version for American Mineralogist, published by the Mineralogical Society of America.The published version is subject to change. Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press.

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Section: Effects Of Simulated Diagenesis On Fe(iiiii) Silicatesmentioning

confidence: 68%

Simulated diagenesis of the iron-silica precipitates in banded iron formations

Hinz,

Rossi,

et al. 2023

American Mineralogist

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“…A marine origin is supported by high Mg-concentrations of the calcite (4300 ± 1700 ppm, Suppl. Data 1), as high Mg is characteristic for abiotic marine carbonates (e.g., Berg et al, 2019). There are also very high Fe concentrations in the calcites (18,000 ± 5000 ppm, Suppl.…”

Section: Fossil Record In Igneous Oceanic Crustmentioning

confidence: 94%

The fossil record of igneous rock

Ivarsson

Drake

Neubeck

et al. 2020

Earth-Science Reviews

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A growing awareness of life in deep igneous crust expands our appreciation for life's distribution in the upper geosphere through time and space, and extends the known inhabitable realm of Earth and possibly beyond. For most of life's history, until plants colonized land in the Ordovician, the deep biosphere was the largest reservoir of living biomass. This suggests that deep crustal habitats played an important role in the evolution and development of the biosphere. Paradoxically, the paleo-perspective of deep life has been largely neglected in the exploration of the deep biosphere as well as in paleontology as a whole. Here, we review the collective understanding of the fossil record in igneous crust with the aim to highlight a rising research field with great potential for substantial findings and progress in the near future. We include new results that emphasize the importance of direct or indirect dating of fossils and introduction of new techniques into the field. Currently, an incoherent record of morphological fossils-and chemofossils stretching from present to~2.4 Ga implies the presence of an abundant and rich, yet largely unexplored, fossil record. Further investigations of deep paleo-environments will most certainly result in substantial insights into the distribution and development of biospheres throughout life's history, the early evolution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and Earth's early biogeochemical cycles. We emphasize the fossil record of igneous rock to give it the same status as the fossil record in sedimentary rocks, and to implement fossil investigations as standard procedures in future international drilling campaigns.

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“…Previous estimates for global carbonate authigenesis were based primarily on the Ca 2+ flux into sediments from the overlying water column and do not account for Ca 2+ fluxes toward shallow sediment from deep methanogenic zones due to MSiW (Longman et al, 2019). Further, a higher authigenic carbonate sink is expected when Mg 2+ fluxes into shallow marine sediments are also considered along with the Ca 2+ fluxes (Berg, 2018;Berg et al, 2019). Moreover, the CH 4 and SO 4 2− flux data used in this study from the compilation by Egger et al (2018) covers a higher number of diffusive methane flux locations from IODP and non-IODP AOM and OSR consumes 70% and 30% of SO 4 2− entering the SMTZ, respectively, F (DIC-deep) = 50% of CH 4 flux, F carb = 20%, F SOC = 5%, and F (DIC-out) = 75% of the Total (DIC) .…”

Section: Importance Of Methane Derived Authigenic Carbonate Precipitamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Pump in Methane-Charged Shallow Marine Sediments: State of the Art and New Model Perspectives

et al. 2020

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Methane transport from subsurface reservoirs to shallow marine sediment is characterized by unique biogeochemical interactions significant for ocean chemistry. Sulfate-Methane Transition Zone (SMTZ) is an important diagenetic front in the sediment column that quantitatively consumes the diffusive methane fluxes from deep methanogenic sources toward shallow marine sediments via sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). Recent global compilation from diffusion-controlled marine settings suggests methane from below and sulfate from above fluxing into the SMTZ at an estimated rate of 3.8 and 5.3 Tmol year −1 , respectively, and wider estimate for methane flux ranges from 1 to 19 Tmol year −1. AOM converts the methane carbon to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) at the SMTZ. Organoclastic sulfate reduction (OSR) and deep-DIC fluxes from methanogenic zones contribute additional DIC to the shallow sediments. Here, we provide a quantification of 8.7 Tmol year −1 DIC entering the methane-charged shallow sediments due to AOM, OSR, and the deep-DIC flux (range 6.4-10.2 Tmol year −1). Of this total DIC pool, an estimated 6.5 Tmol year −1 flows toward the water column (range: 3.2-9.2 Tmol year −1), and 1.7 Tmol year −1 enters the authigenic carbonate phases (range: 0.6-3.6 Tmol year −1). This summary highlights that carbonate authigenesis in settings dominated by diffusive methane fluxes is a significant component of marine carbon burial, comparable to ∼15% of carbonate accumulation on continental shelves and in the abyssal ocean, respectively. Further, the DIC outflux through the SMTZ is comparable to ∼20% of global riverine DIC flux to oceans. This DIC outflux will contribute alkalinity or CO 2 in different proportions to the water column, depending on the rates of authigenic carbonate precipitation and sulfide oxidation and will significantly impact ocean chemistry and potentially atmospheric CO 2. Settings with substantial carbonate precipitation and sulfide oxidation at present are contributing CO 2 and thus to ocean acidification. Our synthesis emphasizes the importance of SMTZ as not only a methane sink but also an important diagenetic front for global DIC cycling. We further underscore the need to incorporate a DIC pump in methane-charged shallow marine sediments to models for coastal and geologic carbon cycling.

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The role of marine sediment diagenesis in the modern oceanic magnesium cycle

Cited by 33 publications

References 68 publications

Simulated diagenesis of the iron-silica precipitates in banded iron formations

Simulated diagenesis of the iron-silica precipitates in banded iron formations

The fossil record of igneous rock

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Pump in Methane-Charged Shallow Marine Sediments: State of the Art and New Model Perspectives

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