Preeclampsia, often presenting as new-onset hypertension and proteinuria in the third trimester of pregnancy, can rapidly progress to serious complications and therefore presents a unique challenge, simultaneously affecting both mother and fetus, sometimes putting their well-being at odds with each other. This condition may require fairly high competencies not only from obstetricians-gynecologists, but also from doctors of other specialties, including internists and general practitioners, cardiologists, nephrologists, laboratory and functional diagnostics doctors. This literature review was prepared with the aim of summarizing and briefly presenting modern ideas about theoretical and practical issues about the relationship between pregnancy, kidney function, and blood pressure that are important for these specialists.