Purpose
To determine the incidence of and risk factors for complications after gastrostomy tube removal in children and to investigate whether complications are associated with growth outcome.
Methodology:
Medical records of 108 patients, who underwent gastrostomy removal and gastrostomy site closure, between January 2014 to July 2022 at a single institution, were reviewed. Clinical factors were analysed for association with complications and growth outcomes.
Results
Complications occurred in 39% (42/108) of patients. Persistent gastrocutaneous fistula (GCF) (20/108, 18%) and perioperative complications (16/82, 20%) were most frequent. Attempted non-operative closure (NOC), PPI use, and steroid use were more frequent in patients with complications (64.3% vs 28.8%, p = 0.001; 57.3% vs 32.3%, p = 0.029; 29.3% vs 12.5%, p = 0.033 respectively). Patients with persistent GCF had longer mean duration of gastrostomy placement (40.45 ± 35.36 vs 15.96 ± 16.94 months, p=0.008) and greater occurrence of pre-existing non-reflux gastrointestinal disease (40% vs 12%, p=0.038). Mean growth z-scores were maintained at 6 months, 18 months and 5 years follow-up in patients with and without complications.
Conclusion
Attempted NOC, PPIs, and steroids were risk factors for complications after gastrostomy removal. Longer duration of gastrostomy placement and non-reflux gastrointestinal disease were risk factors for persistent GCF. Complications were not associated with poorer growth outcome.