The role of melanin in
            <i>Aspergillus</i>
            tolerance to biocides and photosensitizers

Pascoe, Michael J; Maillard, Jean‐Yves

doi:10.1111/lam.13437

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Alternaria infectoria increased melanin deposition in cell walls in response to nikkomycin Z, caspofungin, and itraconazole, but not in response to fluconazole or amphotericin B [ 41 ]. Melanin is a significant contributor towards Aspergillus brasiliensis tolerance to biocides and photosensitisers [ 59 ]. This may be also playing a role in the higher competitiveness of HS1 in mixed inoculation with the melanin-deficient isolate lacking this protective activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Melanin-Deficient Isolate of Venturia inaequalis Reveals Various Roles of Melanin in Pathogen Life Cycle and Fitness

Steiner

Oerke

2022

JoF

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Venturia inaequalis is the ascomycetous pathogen causing apple scabs and forms dark-pigmented spores and partially melanised infection structures. Although melanin is considered to be essential for the infection of host tissue, a spontaneously occurring melanin-deficient mutant was isolated from an abaxial side of an apple leaf and can be cultivated in vitro as well as in vivo. The morphology and development of the melanin-deficient-isolate SW01 on leaves of susceptible apple plants were compared to that of the corresponding wild-type isolate HS1. White conidia of SW01 were often wrinkled when dry and significantly increased their volume in suspension. Germination and formation of germtubes and appressoria were not impaired; however, the lack of melanisation of the appressorial ring structure at the interface with the plant cuticle significantly reduced the infection success of SW01. The colonisation of leaf tissue by non-melanised subcuticular hyphae was not affected until the initiation of conidiogenesis. Non-melanised conidiophores penetrated the plant cuticle from inside less successfully than the wild type, and the release of white conidia from less solid conidiophores above the cuticle was less frequent. Melanin in the outer cell wall of V. inaequalis was not required for the survival of conidia under ambient temperature or at −20 °C storage conditions, however, promoted the tolerance of the pathogen to copper and synthetic fungicides affecting the stability and function of the fungal cell wall, plasma membrane, respiration (QoIs) and enzyme secretion, but had no effect on the sensitivity to sulphur and SDHIs. The roles of melanin in different steps of the V. inaequalis life cycle and the epidemiology of apple scabs are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Melanin-Deficient Isolate of Venturia inaequalis Reveals Various Roles of Melanin in Pathogen Life Cycle and Fitness

Steiner

Oerke

2022

JoF

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“…Because of the different databases used, the number of functional annotations greatly varied among the unigenes. The NR database had the highest number of annotated unigenes www.nature.com/scientificreports/ (24,215, 64.51%), whereas the NT database had the lowest number of annotated unigenes (3,525,9.39%) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Gene Annotation Based On Different Databasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A. heimuer is an important food source in Asia because of its high protein, trace element, vitamin, and carbohydrate contents, as well as its low fat content 2 , 3 . It also has high medicinal potential 4 , including anti-tumor, antioxidant, anticoagulant, and hypolipidemic properties 5 – 9 . Thus far, A. heimuer strains have mainly been derived from the domestication of wild strains and isolation of natural mutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis and development of EST-SSR markers in the mushroom Auricularia heimuer

Jiao,

Han,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Auricularia heimuer, the third most frequently cultivated edible mushroom species worldwide, has high medicinal value. However, a shortage of molecular marker hinders the efficiency and accuracy of genetic breeding efforts for A. heimuer. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing data are essential for gene discovery and molecular markers development. This study aimed to clarify the distribution of SSR loci across the A. heimuer transcriptome and to develop highly informative EST-SSR markers. These tools can be used for phylogenetic analysis, functional gene mining, and molecular marker-assisted breeding of A. heimuer. This study used Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology to obtain A. heimuer transcriptome data. The results revealed 37,538 unigenes in the A. heimuer transcriptome. Of these unigenes, 24,777 (66.01%) were annotated via comparison with the COG, Pfam, and NR databases. Overall, 2510 SSRs were identified from the unigenes, including 6 types of SSRs. The most abundant type of repeats were trinucleotides (1425, 56.77%), followed by mononucleotides (391, 15.58%) and dinucleotides (456, 18.17%). Primer pairs for 102 SSR loci were randomly designed for validity confirmation and polymorphism identification; this process yielded 53 polymorphic EST-SSR markers. Finally, 13 pairs of highly polymorphic EST-SSR primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of 52 wild A. heimuer germplasms, revealing that the 52 germplasms could be divided into three categories. These results indicated that SSR loci were abundant in types, numbers, and frequencies, providing a potential basis for germplasm resource identification, genetic diversity analysis, and molecular marker-assisted breeding of A. heimuer.

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A Gene Cassette Vd276-280 in Verticillium dahliae Contains Two Genes that Affect Melanized Microsclerotium Formation and Virulence

Liu,

Yu,

Qin

et al. 2024

Phytopathology®

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Verticillium dahliae is a soilborne phytopathogenic fungus causing Verticillium wilt on hundreds of plant species. Several sequenced genomes of V. dahliae are available, but functional characterization of most genes has just begun. Based on our previous comparison of the transcriptome from the wild-type and ΔVdCf2 strains, a significant upregulation of the gene cassette, Vd276-280, in the ΔVdCf2 strain was observed. In this study, the functional characterization of the Vd276-280 gene cassette was performed. Agrobacterium-mediated knockout of this gene cassette in V. dahliae significantly inhibited conidiation, melanized microsclerotium formation in the mutant strains, and their virulence towards cotton. Furthermore, deletion of individual genes in the Vd276-280 gene cassette identified that the disruption of VDAG_07276 and VDAG_07280 delayed microsclerotium formation, inhibited conidiation, and reduced virulence towards cotton. Our data suggest that VDAG_07276 and VDAG_07280 in the Vd276-280 gene cassette mainly act as positive regulators of development and virulence in V. dahliae.

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The role of melanin in Aspergillus tolerance to biocides and photosensitizers

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

A Melanin-Deficient Isolate of Venturia inaequalis Reveals Various Roles of Melanin in Pathogen Life Cycle and Fitness

A Melanin-Deficient Isolate of Venturia inaequalis Reveals Various Roles of Melanin in Pathogen Life Cycle and Fitness

Transcriptome analysis and development of EST-SSR markers in the mushroom Auricularia heimuer

A Gene Cassette Vd276-280 in Verticillium dahliae Contains Two Genes that Affect Melanized Microsclerotium Formation and Virulence

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