Plant-based foods provide all the crucial nutrients for
human health.
Among these, iron (Fe) is one of the essential micronutrients for
plants and humans. A lack of Fe is a major limiting factor affecting
crop quality, production, and human health. There are people who suffer
from various health problems due to the low intake of Fe in their
plant-based foods. Anemia has become a serious public health issue
due to Fe deficiency. Enhancing Fe content in the edible part of food
crops is a major thrust area for scientists worldwide. Recent progress
in nutrient transporters has provided an opportunity to resolve Fe
deficiency or nutritional problems in plants and humans. Understanding
the structure, function, and regulation of Fe transporters is essential
to address Fe deficiency in plants and to improve Fe content in staple
food crops. In this review, we summarized the role of Fe transporter
family members in the uptake, cellular and intercellular movement,
and long-distance transport of Fe in plants. We draw insights into
the role of vacuolar membrane transporters in the crop for Fe biofortification.
We also provide structural and functional insights into cereal crops’
vacuolar iron transporters (VITs). This review will help highlight
the importance of VITs for improving the Fe biofortification of crops
and alleviating Fe deficiency in humans.