The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in Veterinary Medicine and Their Use in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Abstract

Regenerative medicine is a dynamically developing field of human and veterinary medicine. The animal model was most commonly used for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treatment in experimental and preclinical studies with a satisfactory therapeutic effect. Year by year, the need for alternative treatments in veterinary medicine is increasing, and other applications for promising MSCs and their biological derivatives are constantly being sought. There is also an increase in demand for other methods of treating disease states, of which the classical treatment methods did not bring the desired results. Cell therapy can be a realistic option for treating human and animal diseases in the near future and therefore additional research is needed to optimize cell origins, numbers, or application methods in order to standardize the treatment process and assess its effects. The aim of the following work was to summarize available knowledge about stem cells in veterinary medicine and their possible application in the treatment of chosen musculoskeletal disorders in dogs and horses.

Characterization and differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from multiple canine adipose tissue sources

“…In higher passages, cells may become biologically exhausted, leading to poor proliferation and differentiation abilities [ 42 ] . Vice versa, another study conducted in our laboratory showed that freshly harvested autologous canine IPFP-MSCs showed significant proliferation rate and differentiation capacity, and they were successfully transplanted into critical sized bone defects [ 40 , 43 ]. Overall, our present study provides a novel comparison for the isolation, characterization, and differentiation of canine AD-MSCs from different anatomical origins of the same animal.…”

Clinical applications of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction in veterinary practice

“… 2021 ; Prządka et al. 2021 ) in dogs (Gugjoo, Amarpal, et al. 2019 ), cattle/buffalo (Gugjoo, Fazili, et al.…”

Comparison of Sources and Methods for the Isolation of Equine Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells and Preliminary Results on Their Reaction to Incubation with 5-Azacytidine

“…Regenerative medicine and studies on the differentiation potential of pluri- or multipotent stem cells have made huge progress in the last few years [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. However, most studies in equines have focused on orthopedic problems [ 10 , 11 ] and studies on other tissues are rare. Moreover, recent research identified adipose tissue as an abundant and easily accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in comparison to bone marrow, umbilical cord or embryonic stem cells [ 12 , 13 ].…”