The Role of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Clinical infections in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, South Western Nigeria

Abstract

This study determined the prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from 246 clinical samples collected at a tertiary care hospital, its antimicrobial susceptibility, spectrum of infections and the associated risk factors. Standard procedures were used for isolation, screening, and susceptibility testing. The result showed that 41 (40.2%) out of 102 S. aureus isolated were methicillin-resistant while 61 (59.8%) were methicillin-sensitive. The prevalence rate of MRSA for male and female group was 37.3% and 43.1% respectively. Thirty (73.2%) methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were obtained from inpatients while 11 (26.8%) were from outpatients. MRSA were significantly isolated from the Orthopaedic ward (OR=3.36; P=0.031) and the antenatal ward (OR=8.33; P=0.037). High resistance rates were exhibited by MRSA isolates to cefotaxime (102, 79.4%) and clindamycin (102, 49%) but had low resistance rates to gentamicin (102, 27.5%) and chloramphenicol (n=102, 28.4%). MRSA were more significantly resistant to gentamicin (χ 2 =12.284; p=0.0001), clindamycin (χ 2 =20.234; p=0.0001) and cefotaxime (χ 2 =13.812; p=0.0002) than MSSA. Thirty-two (78%) out of 41 MRSA isolated were multidrug resistant. All isolates (MRSA and MSSA) were susceptible to vancomycin with MIC values ranging from 2.1 to 0.12µg/ml. This study showed a high prevalence of MRSA in clinical infections that were resistant to treatment options in OAUTHC, Ile-Ife. Being in the antenatal and orthopaedic wards is a predictor of MRSA infections in the hospital. In spite of reports that vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is increasing, it is yet to be a problem in the hospital and vancomycin remains a drug of choice for the treatment of MRSA and multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.

Incidence and Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns of Haemolytic Strains of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From the Environments of Paediatric Wards of Selected Hospitals in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria

“…Neonates are particularly susceptible to infections from the environment because of their immature immune system. Although previous researchers have reported the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus in some Osun state hospitals (Onelum et al 2015), information on the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in paediatric wards in hospitals within Osun state is deplete. This research work therefore aims to provide information on the incidence of haemolytic strains of S. aureus isolated from the environments of paediatric wards of some selected hospitals in Osun State and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns.…”