The role of microbiota in the development of colorectal cancer

Dai, Zhujiang; Zhang, Jingqiu; Qi, Weier; Chen, Juan; Liu, Jun; Wang, Lu; Chen, Chaowu; Xu, Jiaming; Zhang, Hongpeng; Shi, Cuiping; Li, Zhen; Fang, Huiwen; Lin, Chaobiao; Tang, Dong; Wang, Daorong

doi:10.1002/ijc.32017

Cited by 104 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(202 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, although the proportion of cases diagnosed before the age of 50 years increased in all zip code-level income quartiles, the highest proportion of young cases was in the highest income quartile. 26,27 A definitive causal link between antibiotic use and CRC has yet to be established, but a recent, large study from the United Kingdom did identify a strong association between oral antibiotic use in the previous 10 years and a diagnosis of colon cancer. 24 These NCDB data are thought-provoking in that factors typically associated with better access to health care (private insurance, urban geography, and white race) are associated with rising proportions of earlier onset colon cancer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have correlated long-term antibiotic use with colorectal adenomas, 25 and multiple associative studies have correlated changes in the gut microbiome with the presence of CRC. 26,27 A definitive causal link between antibiotic use and CRC has yet to be established, but a recent, large study from the United Kingdom did identify a strong association between oral antibiotic use in the previous 10 years and a diagnosis of colon cancer. As expected, an analysis of clinical CRC characteristics stratified by age has shown that CRC detected in younger patients is more advanced with higher rates of regional and distant metastases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent trends in the age at diagnosis of colorectal cancer in the US National Cancer Data Base, 2004‐2015

Virostko

Capasso

Yankeelov

et al. 2019

Cancer

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BACKGROUND: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in adults younger than 50 years has increased in the United States over the past decades according to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. National guidelines conflict over beginning screening at the age of 45 or 50 years. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of National Cancer Data Base data from 2004 to 2015. The Cochran-Armitage test for trend was used to assess changes in the proportion of cases diagnosed at an age younger than 50 years. RESULTS: This study identified 130,165 patients diagnosed at an age younger than 50 years and 1,055,598 patients diagnosed at the age of 50 years or older. The proportion of the total number of patients diagnosed with CRC at an age younger than 50 years rose (12.2% in 2015 vs 10.0% in 2004; P < .0001). Younger adults presented with more advanced disease (stage III/IV; 51.6% vs 40.0% of those 50 years old or older). Among men, diagnosis at ages younger than 50 years rose only in non-Hispanic whites (P < .0001), whereas among women, Hispanic and non-Hispanic whites had increases in younger diagnoses over time (P < .05). All income quartiles had a proportional increase in younger adults over time (P < .001), with the highest income quartile having the highest proportion of younger cases. The proportion of younger onset CRC cases rose in urban areas (P < .001) but did not rise in rural areas. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of persons diagnosed with CRC at an age younger than 50 years in the United States has continued to increase over the past decade, and younger adults present with more advanced disease. These data should be considered in the ongoing discussion of screening guidelines. Cancer 2019;125:3828-3835.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in the age at diagnosis of colorectal cancer in the US National Cancer Data Base, 2004‐2015

Virostko

Capasso

Yankeelov

et al. 2019

Cancer

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“…[19][20][21][22] Gut microorganisms are involved in the development and progression of CRCs through many pathways such as through the induction of inflammation and biosynthesis of genotoxins. 23,24 Recent studies have suggested that the occurrence of CRCs is not only the function of a single microorganism, but also the result of the disruption of dynamic equilibrium of the gut microecology. 25,26 Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids, act as an important part of gut microecosystem and are also involved in the occurrence of colorectal cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Adequate Lymph Node Assessments and Investigation of Gut Microorganisms and Microbial Metabolites in Colorectal Cancer</p>

Han¹,

Wu²,

Da³

et al. 2020

OTT

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Purpose: To analyze the lymph node metastasis status and prognosis in CRCs and to investigate the gut microorganisms and microbial metabolites at different lymph node stages. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and STAT software were used to analyze the clinical features and lymph node metastasis. Bacterial 16S V3-V4 and fungal ITS V3-V4 ribosomal RNA genes were sequenced in 53 stool samples and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GS/MS) was performed to detect the microbial metabolites in 48 stool samples from CRC patients. Results: A higher number of lymph node metastases predicted a poor prognosis. Inadequate evaluation of lymph nodes affects the accuracy of prognostic assessments. We constructed a nomogram model for the assessment of prognostic factors. There were multiple characteristic bacteria identified, including Akkermansia, Megamonas, Dialister, etc., and fungi, including Penicillium, Filobasidium, Debaryomyces, etc. A total of 27 characteristic microbial metabolites in different lymph node metastasis status were also identified. Conclusion: Gut microorganisms and microbial metabolites may provide reference and guidance for the adequate lymph node assessments (ALNA) in CRC.

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“…When these bacteria also produce pathogenic pks, the chromosome can become unstable and cancers can occur [16]. Bacteroides fragilis releases an enterotoxin (BFT), activates the STAT3 signaling pathway, induces the production of Th17 and interleukin-17, and promotes colon cancer formation [17]. The BFT can rapidly induce the expression of SMO, promoting the production of ROS, and destroying the DNA of intestinal epithelial cells [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, BFT is able to amplify signaling via the Wnt and NF-κB signaling pathways, and leads to the release of pro-inflammatory substances. Fusobacterium nucleatum stimulates FadA, activates wnt/β-catenin/TLR4 signaling and upregulates oncogene expression [17], and Fusobacterium nucleatum can inhibit the activity of natural killer cells in the tumor microenvironment, leading to the occurrence of colorectal cancer [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tool for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors: Micro-Ecological Immunotherapy

Dai¹,

Wu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2019

Journal of Nutritional Oncology

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It has been proposed that the intestinal microbiota and gastrointestinal tumors are interdependent. Changes in the microbiota can cause dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract, thereby promoting carcinogenic changes, leading to the occurrence of gastrointestinal tumors. Recent studies on intestinal microbiota have opened up a new area in intestinal micro-ecological immunotherapy. The intestinal microbiota is a double-edged sword. Gut microbes participate in carcinogenesis, but can also be used for immunotherapy. The intestinal microbiota is also regulated by the daily diet. Intestinal micro-ecological immunotherapy combines intestinal immune nutrition and intestinal ecological nutrition to make full use of the intestinal microbiota to strengthen nutritional support. Micro-ecological immunotherapy enhances the body’s immune function by providing energy, improving the functional state of tissues and organs, protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier and maintaining normal intestinal microbiota balance. This involves, to some extent, PD-1 and PD-L1. The microbiota is beneficial to improve the clinical efficacy of conventional anti-cancer therapy and to reduce the incidence of complications. At the same time, micro-ecological immunotherapy is itself active and effective in the perioperative treatment of tumors, which is of great significance for the prognosis of the patient. Gastrointestinal tumors are increasingly linked to intestinal microbiota, and various microbiota-related technologies and drugs have been developed. In the future, the intestinal microbiota may represent a screening marker for gastrointestinal tumors. In addition, clinicians may be able to prevent and treat cancers by changing the gene expression levels of certain microbiota, or by regulating the types of microbes present.

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The role of microbiota in the development of colorectal cancer

Cited by 104 publications

References 119 publications

Recent trends in the age at diagnosis of colorectal cancer in the US National Cancer Data Base, 2004‐2015

Recent trends in the age at diagnosis of colorectal cancer in the US National Cancer Data Base, 2004‐2015

<p>Adequate Lymph Node Assessments and Investigation of Gut Microorganisms and Microbial Metabolites in Colorectal Cancer</p>

A Tool for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors: Micro-Ecological Immunotherapy

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