The Role of microRNAs in the Mammary Gland Development, Health, and Function of Cattle, Goats, and Sheep

Dysin, Artem P.; Barkova, Olga; Pozovnikova, Marina V.

doi:10.3390/ncrna7040078

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 297 publications

(435 reference statements)

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“…Accumulating evidence suggests that miRNAs are an important part of the complex regulatory networks that control the processes of immune cells (Dysin et al, 2021). For instance, miR-146a, found in our study to be differentially expressed in animals fed the H diet and involved in many immunity-related pathways, is a well-studied miRNA involved in immune responses initiated by Toll-like receptor signaling pathways and regulates nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) activation (Lai et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Lactating mammary gland miRNAs were characterized in ruminants, such as buffalo (Cai et al, 2017), goat (Mobuchon et al, 2015;Xuan et al, 2020), sheep (Hao et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2021), and cattle (Li et al, 2012;Billa et al, 2019), highlighting the miRNAs related to pregnancy and the different lactating and non-lactating periods. miRNAs play key roles also in the regulation of milk fat synthesis and catabolism in ruminants (Chen et al, 2018;Dysin et al, 2021). Furthermore, the role of miRNAs as regulators of bovine milk protein and milk fat synthesis affected by the diet was recently reported (Wang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effect of Diet Enriched With Hemp Seeds on Goat Milk Fatty Acids, Transcriptome, and miRNAs

et al. 2022

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In dairy ruminants, a diet supplemented with feed rich in unsaturated fatty acids can be an effective medium to increase the health-promoting properties of milk, although their effect on the pathways/genes involved in these processes has not been properly and completely defined to date. To improve our knowledge of the cell’s activity in specific conditions, next-generation RNA-sequencing technology was used to allow whole transcriptome characterization under given conditions. In addition to this, microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been known as post-transcriptional regulators in fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism by targeting lipid metabolism genes. In this study, to analyze the transcriptome and miRNAs in goat milk after a supplemental diet enriched with linoleic acid (hemp seeds), next-generation RNA-sequencing was used in order to point out the general biological mechanisms underlying the effects related to milk fat metabolism. Ten pluriparous Alpine goats were fed with the same pretreatment diet for 40 days; then, they were arranged to two dietary treatments consisting of control (C) and hemp seed (H)-supplemented diets. Milk samples were collected at 40 (time point = T0) and 140 days of lactation (time point = T1). Milk fatty acid (FA) profiles revealed a significant effect of hemp seeds that determined a strong increment in the preformed FA, causing a reduction in the concentration of de-novo FA. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated n−3 FAs were increased by hemp treatment, determining a reduction in the n−6/n−3 ratio. After removing milk fats and proteins, RNA was extracted from the milk cells and transcriptomic analysis was conducted using Illumina RNA-sequencing. A total of 3,835 genes were highly differentially expressed (p-value < 0.05, fold change > 1.5, and FDR < 0.05) in the H group. Functional analyses evidenced changes in metabolism, immune, and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, modifications in feeding strategies affected also key transcription factors regulating the expression of several genes involved in milk fat metabolism, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Moreover, 38 (15 known and 23 novel) differentially expressed miRNAs were uncovered in the H group and their potential functions were also predicted. This study gives the possibility to improve our knowledge of the molecular changes occurring after a hemp seed supplementation in the goat diet and increase our understanding of the relationship between nutrient variation and phenotypic effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Diet Enriched With Hemp Seeds on Goat Milk Fatty Acids, Transcriptome, and miRNAs

et al. 2022

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“…The ruminant mammary gland (MG) is a crucial organ responsible for producing milk for human infant and adult nutrition [ 26 ]. Not only nutrition, genetics, breed, disease pathogens, and other environmental factors, but also post transcriptional regulation of gene expression affects MG productivity.…”

Section: The Role Of Mirnas In Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs in Ruminants and Their Potential Role in Nutrition and Physiology

Ojo

Kreuzer-Redmer

2023

Veterinary Sciences

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The knowledge of how diet choices, dietary supplements, and feed intake influence molecular mechanisms in ruminant nutrition and physiology to maintain ruminant health, is essential to attain. In the present review, we focus on the role of microRNAs in ruminant health and disease; additionally, we discuss the potential of circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of disease in ruminants and the state of technology for their detection, also considering the major difficulties in the transition of biomarker development from bench to clinical practice. MicroRNAs are an inexhaustible class of endogenous non-protein coding small RNAs of 18 to 25 nucleotides that target either the 3′ untranslated (UTR) or coding region of genes, ensuring a tight post-transcriptionally controlled regulation of gene expression. The development of new “omics” technologies facilitated a fresh perspective on the nutrition–to–gene relationship, incorporating more extensive data from molecular genetics, animal nutrition, and veterinary sciences. MicroRNAs might serve as important regulators of metabolic processes and may present the inter-phase between nutrition and gene regulation, controlled by the diet. The development of biomarkers holds the potential to revolutionize veterinary practice through faster disease detection, more accurate ruminant health monitoring, enhanced welfare, and increased productivity. Finally, we summarize the latest findings on how microRNAs function as biomarkers, how technological paradigms are reshaping this field of research, and how platforms are being used to identify novel biomarkers. Numerous studies have demonstrated a connection between circulating microRNAs and ruminant diseases such as mastitis, tuberculosis, foot-and-mouth disease, fasciolosis, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, the identification and analysis of a small number of microRNAs can provide crucial information about the stage of a disease, etiology, and prognosis.

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“…Numerous studies have well investigated the roles of circRNAs ( 8 , 13 ) and miRNAs ( 14 ) in mammary gland development in various species, based on the universal characteristics of circRNAs and miRNAs and their potential ceRNA regulation in mammary glands. However, few reports have described dynamic RNA expression profiles or associated mechanisms in the sheep mammary gland during different lactation periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-coding transcriptomic profiles in the sheep mammary gland during different lactation periods

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Sheep milk production is a dynamic and multifactorial trait regulated by diverse biological mechanisms. To improve the quality and production of sheep milk, it is necessary to understand the underlying non-coding transcriptomic mechanisms. In this study, ribonucleic acid-sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to profile the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the sheep mammary gland at three key lactation time points (perinatal period, PP; early lactation, EL; and peak lactation, PL). A total of 2,369 novel circRNAs and 272 miRNAs were profiled, of which 348, 373, and 36 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs and 30, 34, and 7 DE miRNAs were detected in the comparison of EL vs. PP, PL vs. PP, and PL vs. EL, respectively. A series of bioinformatics analyses including functional enrichment, machine learning prediction, and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network analyses were conducted to identify subsets of the potential candidate miRNAs (e.g., oar_miR_148a, oar_miR_362, and oar_miR_432) and circRNAs (e.g., novel_circ_0011066, novel_circ_0010460, and novel_circ_0006589) involved in sheep mammary gland development. Taken together, this study offers a window into the dynamics of non-coding transcriptomes that occur during sheep lactation and may provide further insights into miRNA and circRNA that influence sheep mammary gland development.

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The Role of microRNAs in the Mammary Gland Development, Health, and Function of Cattle, Goats, and Sheep

Cited by 24 publications

References 297 publications

Effect of Diet Enriched With Hemp Seeds on Goat Milk Fatty Acids, Transcriptome, and miRNAs

Effect of Diet Enriched With Hemp Seeds on Goat Milk Fatty Acids, Transcriptome, and miRNAs

MicroRNAs in Ruminants and Their Potential Role in Nutrition and Physiology

Non-coding transcriptomic profiles in the sheep mammary gland during different lactation periods

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